![](https://web.archive.org/web/20220620133436im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Niger_single_age_population_pyramid_2020.png/350px-Niger_single_age_population_pyramid_2020.png)
This article is about the demographic features of the population of Niger, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.
The largest ethnic groups in Niger are the Hausa, who also constitute the major ethnic group in northern Nigeria, and the Zarma Songhai (also spelled Djerma-Songhai), who also are found in parts of Mali. Both groups are sedentary farmers who live in the arable, southern tier. The Kanouri (including Beri Beri, Manga) make up the majority of sedentary population in the far southeast of the nation. The remainder of the Nigerien people are nomadic or seminomadic livestock-raising peoples—Tuareg, Fulani,[1] Toubou and Diffa Arabs. With rapidly growing populations and the consequent competition for meager natural resources, lifestyles of these two types of peoples have come increasingly into conflict in Niger in recent years. Some white French people live in the country due to Niger being a former colony of France.
Niger's high infant mortality rate is comparable to levels recorded in neighboring countries. However, the child mortality rate (deaths among children between the ages of 1 and 4) is exceptionally high (274 per 1,000) due to generally poor health conditions and inadequate nutrition for most of the country's children. Niger's very high total fertility rate (6.89 children born per woman, which is the highest in the world[2]), nonetheless, means that nearly half (49%) of the Nigerien population is under age 15. School attendance is low (34%), including 38% of males and 27% of females. Additional education occurs through Koranic schools.
Population
![](https://web.archive.org/web/20220620133436im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Niger-demography.png/220px-Niger-demography.png)
Year | Population
(persons) |
%+ |
---|---|---|
1960 | 3,240,000 | — |
1970 | 4,210,000 | 29.9% |
1980 | 5,578,000 | 32.5% |
1990 | 7,754,610 | 39.0% |
2000 | 10,492,569 | 35.3% |
2010 | 15,203,822 | 44.9% |
Source: Institut National de la Statistique - Niger[3]
Census results
Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
1977 | 5,102,990 | — |
1988 | 7,251,626 | +42.1% |
2001 | 11,060,291 | +52.5% |
2012 | 17,138,707 | +55.0% |
UN estimates
According to the 2019 revision of the World Population Prospects[4][5] the total population was 22,442,831 in 2018, compared to only 2 462 000 in 1950. The proportion of children and teenagers below the age of 15 in 2010 was 49%, 48.8% was between 15 and 65 years of age, while only 2.2% was 65 years or older.[6]
Total population | Population aged 0–14 (%) | Population aged 15–64 (%) | Population aged 65+ (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1950 | 2 462 000 | 49.5 | 49.6 | 0.9 |
1955 | 2 834 000 | 48.1 | 51.1 | 0.8 |
1960 | 3 250 000 | 47.1 | 51.8 | 1.1 |
1965 | 3 766 000 | 46.9 | 51.7 | 1.3 |
1970 | 4 373 000 | 47.7 | 50.8 | 1.5 |
1975 | 5 071 000 | 48.1 | 50.3 | 1.6 |
1980 | 5 871 000 | 48.0 | 50.3 | 1.7 |
1985 | 6 744 000 | 48.2 | 49.9 | 1.9 |
1990 | 7 788 000 | 48.3 | 49.7 | 2.0 |
1995 | 9 179 000 | 48.3 | 49.6 | 2.1 |
2000 | 10 922 000 | 48.5 | 49.4 | 2.1 |
2005 | 12 994 000 | 48.9 | 49.0 | 2.1 |
2010 | 15 512 000 | 49.0 | 48.8 | 2.2 |
Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2017): [7]
Age Group | Male | Female | Total | % |
---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 10 296 315 | 10 354 759 | 20 651 074 | 100 |
0–4 | 2 079 319 | 2 032 648 | 4 111 966 | 19.91 |
5–9 | 1 845 949 | 1 754 522 | 3 600 471 | 17.43 |
10–14 | 1 503 877 | 1 449 930 | 2 953 806 | 14.30 |
15–19 | 1 073 645 | 1 060 174 | 2 133 819 | 10.33 |
20–24 | 820 282 | 878 703 | 1 698 985 | 8.23 |
25–29 | 619 222 | 676 218 | 1 295 439 | 6.27 |
30–34 | 510 322 | 538 449 | 1 048 771 | 5.08 |
35–39 | 420 240 | 455 969 | 876 209 | 4.24 |
40–44 | 339 682 | 369 270 | 708 952 | 3.43 |
45–49 | 274 985 | 286 234 | 561 219 | 2.72 |
50–54 | 230 659 | 244 922 | 475 582 | 2.30 |
55–59 | 181 127 | 185 004 | 366 130 | 1.77 |
60–64 | 134 934 | 140 036 | 274 970 | 1.33 |
65-69 | 96 579 | 100 335 | 196 914 | 0.95 |
70-74 | 70 314 | 76 325 | 146 638 | 0.71 |
75-79 | 48 176 | 51 958 | 100 134 | 0.48 |
80+ | 47 003 | 54 062 | 101 065 | 0.49 |
Age group | Male | Female | Total | Percent |
0–14 | 5 429 145 | 5 237 100 | 10 666 245 | 51.65 |
15–64 | 4 605 098 | 4 834 979 | 9 440 077 | 45.71 |
65+ | 262 072 | 282 680 | 544 752 | 2.64 |
Life expectancy
Period | Life expectancy in Years[8] |
---|---|
1950–1955 | 34.50 |
1955–1960 | ![]() |
1960–1965 | ![]() |
1965–1970 | ![]() |
1970–1975 | ![]() |
1975–1980 | ![]() |
1980–1985 | ![]() |
1985–1990 | ![]() |
1990–1995 | ![]() |
1995–2000 | ![]() |
2000–2005 | ![]() |
2005–2010 | ![]() |
2010–2015 | ![]() |
Vital statistics
Registration of vital events in Niger is incomplete. The Population Departement of the United Nations prepared the following estimates. [6]
Period | Live births per year | Deaths per year | Natural change per year | CBR* | CDR* | NC* | TFR* | IMR* |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1950-1955 | 139 000 | 66 000 | 74 000 | 52.6 | 24.8 | 27.8 | 6.86 | 174 |
1955-1960 | 164 000 | 76 000 | 88 000 | 53.8 | 24.9 | 29.0 | 6.96 | 171 |
1960-1965 | 195 000 | 89 000 | 105 000 | 55.5 | 25.5 | 30.1 | 7.13 | 167 |
1965-1970 | 229 000 | 105 000 | 124 000 | 56.2 | 25.8 | 30.4 | 7.32 | 164 |
1970-1975 | 263 000 | 121 000 | 142 000 | 55.8 | 25.6 | 30.2 | 7.52 | 162 |
1975-1980 | 301 000 | 138 000 | 164 000 | 55.1 | 25.1 | 29.9 | 7.63 | 161 |
1980-1985 | 350 000 | 157 000 | 193 000 | 55.4 | 24.8 | 30.6 | 7.76 | 159 |
1985-1990 | 406 000 | 179 000 | 227 000 | 55.9 | 24.6 | 31.3 | 7.81 | 155 |
1990-1995 | 471 000 | 192 000 | 279 000 | 55.5 | 22.7 | 32.8 | 7.78 | 146 |
1995-2000 | 538 000 | 194 000 | 344 000 | 53.5 | 19.3 | 34.2 | 7.60 | 131 |
2000-2005 | 614 000 | 194 000 | 420 000 | 51.3 | 16.2 | 35.1 | 7.40 | 113 |
2005-2010 | 705 000 | 196 000 | 509 000 | 49.5 | 13.8 | 35.7 | 7.19 | 96 |
* CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births; TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman) |
Fertility and births
Total fertility rate (TFR; Wanted Fertility Rate) and crude birth rate (CBR):[9]
Year | CBR total | TFR total | CBR urban | TFR urban | CBR rural | TFR rural |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1988 | 7.51 | |||||
1992 | 7.37 (7,1) | 6.71 (6,3) | 7.52 (7,3) | |||
1998 | 52.8 | 7.5 (7,2) | 44.0 | 5.9 (5,6) | 55.0 | 7.9 (7,7) |
2006 | 46.1 | 7.1 (6,9) | 40.7 | 6.0 (5,6) | 47.1 | 7.4 (7,2) |
2012 | 46.6 | 7.6 (6,8) | 39.0 | 5.6 (4,7) | 48.1 | 8.1 (7,3) |
Fertility data as of 2012 (DHS Program):[10]
Region | Total fertility rate | Percentage of women age 15-49 currently pregnant | Mean number of children ever born to women age 40-49 |
---|---|---|---|
Agadez | 5.7 | 9.2 | 7.1 |
Diffa | 6.4 | 11.0 | 6.3 |
Dosso | 7.5 | 11.7 | 7.7 |
Maradi | 8.4 | 16.4 | 9.0 |
Tahoua | 7.3 | 13.0 | 7.5 |
Tillabéri | 7.9 | 15.6 | 7.8 |
Zinder | 8.5 | 17.3 | 8.6 |
Niamey | 5.3 | 9.6 | 5.9 |
Ethnic groups
Ethnic group |
census 1988[11] | census 2001[11] | 2021 [12] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | ||
Hausa | 3,770,927 | 53.0 | 6,069,731 | 55.4 | 12,534,662 | 53.1 | |
Zarma/Songhai proper | 1,511,341 | 21.2 | 2,300,874 | 21.0 | 5,004,423 | 21.2 | |
Tuareg | 739,202 | 10.4 | 1,016,883 | 9.3 | 2,596,634 | 11.0 | |
Fulani | 694,428 | 9.8 | 935,517 | 8.5 | 1,534,375 | 6.5 | |
Kanuri | 316,471 | 4.4 | 513,116 | 4.7 | 1,392,740 | 5.9 | |
Gurma | 19,714 | 0.3 | 39,797 | 0.4 | 188,846 | 0.8 | |
Toubou | 31,403 | 0.4 | 42,172 | 0.4 | 94,423 | 0.4 | |
Arab | 24,178 | 0.3 | 40,085 | 0.4 | 94,423 | 0.4 | |
Other | 12,265 | 0.2 | 5,951 | 0.1 | 212,451 | 0.9 | |
Total | 7,119,929 | 10,964,126 | 23,605,767 |
Core health indicators
World Health Organization 2007 statistics: Core Health Indicators for Niger[13] | ||
---|---|---|
Indicator | Value | (year) |
Life expectancy at birth (years) males | 61.05 | (2015) |
Life expectancy at birth (years) females | 62.9 | (2015) |
Healthy life expectancy (HALE) at birth (years) males | 36.0 | (2002) |
Healthy life expectancy (HALE) at birth (years) females | 35.0 | (2002) |
Probability of dying (per 1 000 population) between 15 and 60 years (adult mortality rate) males | 502 | (2005) |
Probability of dying (per 1 000 population) between 15 and 60 years (adult mortality rate) females | 478 | (2005) |
Total expenditure on health as percentage of gross domestic product | 4.2 | (2004) |
Per capita total expenditure on health at international dollar rate | 25.9 | (2004) |
Population (in thousands) total | 13957 | (2005) |
Other demographic statistics
Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review in 2019.[14]
- One birth every 29 seconds
- One death every 3 minutes
- One net migrant every 90 minutes
- Net gain of one person every 36 seconds
The following demographic are from the CIA World Factbook[15] unless otherwise indicated.
Population
- 19,866,231 (July 2018 est.)
Age structure
- 0-14 years: 48.68% (male 4,878,031 /female 4,793,021)
- 15-24 years: 19.36% (male 1,899,879 /female 1,945,806)
- 25-54 years: 26.02% (male 2,581,597 /female 2,587,913)
- 55-64 years: 3.3% (male 340,032 /female 315,142)
- 65 years and over: 2.64% (male 268,072 /female 256,738) (2018 est.)
Birth rate
- 43.6 births/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 2nd
Death rate
- 11.5 deaths/1,000 population (2018 est.)
Total fertility rate
- 6.35 children born/woman (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 1st
Median age
- total: 15.5 years. Country comparison to the world: 228th
- male: 15.4 years
- female: 15.7 years (2018 est.)
Population growth rate
- 3.16% (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 7th
Mother's mean age at first birth
- 18.1 years (2012 est.)
- note: median age at first birth among women 25-29
Contraceptive prevalence rate
- 18.9% (2017)
Net migration rate
- -0.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.) Country comparison to the world: 125th
Dependency ratios
- total dependency ratio: 111.6 (2015 est.)
- youth dependency ratio: 106.2 (2015 est.)
- elderly dependency ratio: 5.4 (2015 est.)
- potential support ratio: 18.6 (2015 est.)
Urbanization
- urban population: 16.4% of total population (2018)
- rate of urbanization: 4.27% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)
Sex ratio
at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female
younger than 15 years:
1.02 male(s)/female
15–64 years:
0.99 male(s)/female
65 years and over:
0.8 male(s)/female
total population:
1 male(s)/female (2010 est.)
Life expectancy at birth
- total population: 56.3 years (2018 est.)
- male: 55 years (2018 est.)
- female: 57.7 years (2018 est.)
- total population: 52.6 years
- male: 51.39 years
- female: 53.85 years (2010 est.)
Nationality
noun:
Nigerien(s)
adjective:
Nigerien
Ethnic Groups
- Hausa 53.1%
- Zarma/Songhai 21.2%
- Tuareg 11%
- Fulani (French: Peul; Fula: Fulɓe) 6.5%
- Kanuri 5.9%
- Gurma 0.8%
- Arab 0.4%
- Tubu 0.4%
- Other/Unavailable 0.9% (2006 est.)
Religions
Muslim 99.3%, Christian 0.3%, animist 0.2%, none 0.1% (2012 est.)
Languages
Literacy
definition: age 15 and over can read and write (2015 est.)
- total population: 19.1% (2015 est.)
- male: 27.3% (2015 est.)
- female: 11% (2015 est.)
- Total population: 28.7% (2004 est.; source: UNDP 2006; NB- this figure is given without reference to which languages are considered)
- Male: 42.9%
- Female: 15.1%
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
- total: 6 years (2017)
- male: 7 years (2017)
- female: 6 years (2017)
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24
- total: 80% (2011 est.)
- male: 55% (2019 est.)
- female: 25% (2019 est.)
See also
References
- ^ In Fula: Fulɓe; in French: Peul.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2009-10-28. Retrieved 2012-03-17.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Annuaire Statistique - Démographie". Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2012-01-22.
- ^ ""World Population prospects – Population division"". population.un.org. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved November 9, 2019.
- ^ ""Overall total population" – World Population Prospects: The 2019 Revision" (xslx). population.un.org (custom data acquired via website). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved November 9, 2019.
- ^ a b Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision Archived May 6, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics".
- ^ "World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations". esa.un.org. Retrieved 2018-08-26.
- ^ "MEASURE DHS: Demographic and Health Surveys".
- ^ http://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR277/FR277.pdf[bare URL PDF]
- ^ a b "UN Demographic Yearbooks".
- ^ "Africa: Niger - The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. 27 April 2021. Retrieved 1 May 2021.
- ^ World Health Organization 2007 statistics: Core Health Indicators for Niger[dead link].
- ^ "Niger Population 2019", World Population Review
- ^ "The World FactBook - Niger", The World Factbook, July 12, 2018
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ a b "Africa :: NIGER". CIA The World Factbook. 14 December 2021.
- UNDP. 2006. Beyond scarcity: Power, poverty and the global water crisis. Human Development Report 2006. New York: United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).
- UNDP The Human Development Index reports: Niger.[dead link]
- Health Organization Niger overview.[dead link] Includes links to statistics, programs and news on health and demography in Niger.
- WHO "Country Logbook" for Niger[dead link]. Providing Surveys, Censuses, Monitoring of vital events, Health services & surveillance, Health situation & trend analysis, and Planning & strategic documents .
- ethnologue.com: Ethnic and linguistic breakdown for Niger.
- OECD/ AEO 2007 Niger country study.
- The AGRHYMET Regional Centre (ARC), Niamey Office Archived 2008-02-19 at the Wayback Machine. Institute of the Permanent Interstate Committee for Drought Control in the Sahel (CILSS) composed of nine member States, including Niger.
- The World Bank, Niger overview and resources.