The Nobel Prize (Swedish: Nobelpriset) is a set of five different prizes that, according to its benefactor Alfred Nobel, in his 1895 will, must be awarded "to those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind”. The five prizes are awarded in the fields of Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Peace.[1]
Since 1901, the year wherein the awarding of the prizes began, a number of women have been considered and nominated carefully in each field. The first woman to win a Nobel Prize was Marie Curie, who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903 with her husband, Pierre Curie, and Henri Becquerel.[2][3] Curie is also the only woman to have won multiple Nobel Prizes; in 1911, she won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Curie's daughter, Irène Joliot-Curie, won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1935, making the two the only mother-daughter pair to have won Nobel Prizes.[2]
In 1922, Cécile Vogt-Mugnier became the first women nominated for prize in physiology or medicine but never won.[4] She was followed by Maud Slye who was nominated in the year 1923, but again never won. Only in 1947, that the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was finally awarded to a woman, Gerty Cori, sharing with her husband Carl Ferdinand Cori.[5]
The most number of female nominees was in the field of literature. The first woman to be nominated was the German philosopher Malwida von Meysenbug for the year 1901. She was nominated by the French historian Gabriel Monod but unfortunately she did not win the prize.[6] Her nomination was followed by Émilie Lerou, Bertha von Suttner and Selma Lagerlöf for the year 1904. Lagerlöf would later on become the first woman to win the prize in the year 1909.[7]
Physics
Picture | Name | Born | Died | Years Nominated | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Marie Skłodowska Curie | November 7, 1867 Warsaw, Poland |
July 4, 1934 Sancellemoz, France |
1902, 1903 | Won the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics with P.Curie and the 1911 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.[8] | |
Irène Joliot-Curie | September 12, 1897 Paris, France |
March 17, 1956 Paris, France |
1934, 1935 | Won the 1935 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Fr.Joliot-Curie.[9] | |
Lise Meitner | November 7, 1878 Vienna, Austria |
October 27, 1968 Cambridge, England |
1937, 1940, 1941, 1943, 1945, 1946, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1959, 1961, 1964, 1965 | Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry too.[10] | |
Marietta Blau | April 29, 1894 Vienna, Austria |
January 27, 1970 Vienna, Austria |
1950, 1956, 1957 | Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry too.[11] | |
Hertha Wambacher | March 9, 1903 Vienna, Austria |
March 25, 1950 Vienna, Austria |
1950 | Nominated jointly with M.Blau the only time by Erwin Schrödinger.[12] Died before the only chance to be rewarded. | |
Maria Goeppert-Mayer | June 28, 1906 Katowice, Poland |
February 2, 1972 San Diego, California, United States |
1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1962, 1963 | Won the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physics with J.H.D.Jensen.[13] | |
Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin | May 12, 1910 Cairo, Egypt |
July 29, 1994 Ilmington, England |
1956, 1957, 1959, 1960, 1961 | Won the 1964 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.[14] | |
Chien-Shiung Wu | May 31, 1912 Liuhe, Taicang, China |
February 16, 1997 New York City, New York, United States |
1958, 1959, 1960, 1964, 1965 | [15] | |
Margaret Peachey Burbidge | August 12, 1919 Stockport, England |
April 5, 2020 San Francisco, California, United States |
1964 | Nominated jointly with W. Alfred Fowler and Fr.Hoyle the only time by H.Cl.Urey.[16] | |
Janine Connes | 1934 France |
1970 | Nominated jointly with P.Connes and R.B.Leighton the only time by R.Wildt.[17] |
Chemistry
Picture | Name | Born | Died | Years Nominated | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Marie Skłodowska Curie | November 7, 1867 Warsaw, Poland |
July 4, 1934 Sancellemoz, France |
1911 | Won the 1911 Nobel Prize in Chemistry and the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics.[8] | |
Lise Meitner | November 7, 1878 Vienna, Austria |
October 27, 1968 Cambridge, England |
1924, 1925, 1929, 1930, 1933, 1934, 1936, 1937, 1939, 1941, 1942, 1946, 1947, 1948 | Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physics too.[10] | |
Ida Tacke Noddack | February 25, 1896 Rhine Province, Germany |
September 24, 1978 Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler, Germany |
1933, 1935, 1937 | Nominated jointly with W.Noddack only.[18] | |
Irène Joliot-Curie | September 12, 1897 Paris, France |
March 17, 1956 Paris, France |
1935 | Won the 1935 Nobel Prize in Chemistry jointly with Frédéric Joliot and nominated for Nobel Prize in Physics too.[9] | |
Dorothy Maud Wrinch | September 12, 1894 Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina |
February 11, 1976 Falmouth, Massachusetts, United States |
1939 | [9] | |
Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin | May 12, 1910 Cairo, Egypt |
July 29, 1994 Ilmington, England |
1950, 1956, 1957, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964 | Won the 1964 Nobel Prize in Chemistry and nominated for Nobel Prize in Physics too.[14] | |
Thérèse Boyer Tréfouël | June 19, 1892 Paris, France |
November 9, 1978 Paris, France |
1950 | Nominated the only time jointly with J.Tréfouël and Gl.Alb.H.Buttle.[19] | |
Marguerite Perey | October 19, 1909 Villemomble, France |
May 13, 1975 Louveciennes, France |
1952, 1958, 1961, 1965, 1966 | [20] | |
Joan P. Folkes | 1927 Staffordshire, England |
? | 1956 | Nominated jointly with Ern.Gale the only time by J.H.Northrop.[21] | |
Marietta Blau | April 29, 1894 Vienna, Austria |
January 27, 1970 Vienna, Austria |
1957 | Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physics too.[11] | |
Maria Goeppert-Mayer | June 28, 1906 Katowice, Poland |
February 2, 1972 San Diego, California, United States |
1958 | Won the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physics.[11] | |
Martha Cowles Chase | November 30, 1927 Cleveland Heights, Ohio, United States |
August 8, 2003 Lorain, Ohio, United States |
1960 | Nominated jointly with A.Hershey, A.Gierer, H.Fraenkel-Conrat and G.Schramm the only time by J.H.Northrop.[22] | |
Alberte Bucher-Pullman | August 26, 1920 Nantes, France |
January 7, 2011 Paris, France |
1963, 1965 | Nominated jointly with Bernard Pullman only.[23] | |
Mary Belle Allen | November 11, 1922 Morristown, New Jersey |
1973 Fairbanks, Alaska |
1967 | Nominated jointly with D.I.Arnon and Frederick Whatley the only time by J.H.Northrop.[24] | |
Erika Cremer | May 20, 1900 Munich, Germany |
September 21, 1996 Innsbruck, Austria |
1968 | Nominated the only time by Fr.X.M.Th.Patat.[25] |
Physiology or Medicine
Picture | Name | Born | Died | Years Nominated | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cécile Vogt-Mugnier | March 27, 1875 Annecy, France |
May 4, 1962 Cambridge, England |
1922, 1923, 1926, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1950, 1951, 1953 | Nominated jointly with Oskar Vogt only.[26] | |
Maud Caroline Slye | February 8, 1879 Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States |
September 17, 1954 Chicago, Illinois, United States |
1923 | Nominated the only time by Albert Soiland (1873-1946) from the University of Southern California.[27] | |
Gladys Rowena Henry Dick | December 18, 1881 Pawnee City, Nebraska, United States |
August 21, 1963 Palo Alto, California, United States |
1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1935 | Nominated jointly with George Frederick Dick only.[28] | |
Alice Bernheim | September 28, 1878 Cincinnati, Ohio, United States |
July 14, 1968 Cincinnati, Ohio, United States |
1930 | Nominated the only time by William Cogswell Clarke (1872-1943) from the Columbia University. [29] | |
Marion Blankenhorn | November 13, 1885 Orrville, Ohio, United States |
September 7, 1957 Wooster, Ohio, United States |
1939 | Nominated jointly with T.D.Spies and Clark Niel Cooper (1904-1973) from the University of Cincinnati only.[30] | |
May Tweedy Mellanby | September 9, 1882 London, England |
March 5, 1978 London, England |
1939 | Nominated jointly with Edw.Mellanby only.[31] | |
Susan Smith | December 9, 1897 Greenville, South Carolina, United States |
October 3, 1983 Durham, North Carolina, United States |
1939 | Nominated jointly with David Tillerson Smith (1898-1981) and Julian Ruffin (1900-1978) from the Durham University the only time by Osv.Polimanti.[32] | |
Olive Watkins Smith | April 29, 1901 Worcester, Massachusetts, United States |
1983 Brookline, Massachusetts, United States |
1940 | Nominated jointly with George Van Siclen Smith (1900-1984) the only time by Frank Arthur Pemberton from Harvard Medical School.[33] No Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded this year. | |
Gerty Theresa Radnitz-Cori | August 15, 1896 Prague, Czech Republic |
October 25, 1957 Glendale, Missouri, United States |
1946, 1947 | Won the 1947 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Carl Ferdinand Cori and Bernardo Houssay.[34] | |
Helen Brooke Taussig | May 24, 1898 Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States |
May 20, 1986 Chester County, Pennsylvania, United States |
1947, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953 | [35] | |
Miriam Friedman Menkin | August 8, 1901 Riga, Latvia |
June 8, 1992 Boston, Massachusetts, United States |
1951 | Nominated jointly with J.Rock and Roger Alfred Auguste Vendrely (1910-1998) from the University of Strasbourg the only time by Bożydar Szabuniewicz (1901-1986) from the Jagiellonian University.[36] | |
Madge Thurlow Macklin | February 6, 1893 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States |
March 4, 1962 Columbus, Ohio, United States |
1951 | Nominated the only time by Charles Clifford Macklin (1883-1959) from the Western University.[37] | |
Elizabeth Bugie Gregory | October 5, 1920 New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States |
April 10, 2001 New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States |
1952 | Nominated jointly with S.Waksman and Alb.Schatz the only time by Jevrem Nedelkovitch (1888-1978) from the University of Belgrade.[38] |
Literature
Picture | Name | Born | Died | Years Nominated | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Malwida von Meysenbug | October 28, 1816 Kassel, Germany |
April 23, 1903 Rome, Italy |
1901 | Nominated jointly with L.A.Sabatier the only time by G.Monod.[39] | |
Selma Lagerlöf | November 20, 1858 Värmland, Sweden |
March 16, 1940 Värmland, Sweden |
1904, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909 | Won the 1909 Nobel Prize in Literature.[40] | |
Émilie Lerou | 1855 France |
1935 France |
1904 | Nominated the only time by J.Ars.Arn.Claretie.[41] | |
Eliza Orzeszkowa | June 6, 1841 Mil'kovshchina, Belarus |
May 18, 1910 Grodno, Belarus |
1905 | [42] | |
Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche | July 10, 1846 Lützen, Germany |
November 8, 1935 Weimar, Germany |
1908, 1916, 1917, 1923 | Nominated the only time by H.Vaihinger.[43] | |
Molly Elliot Seawell | October 23, 1860 Gloucester, United States |
November 15, 1916 Washington, D.C., United States |
1910, 1911 | Nominated by Charles William Kent (1860-1917) from the University of Virginia only.[44] | |
Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach | September 13, 1830 Troubky-Zdislavice, Czechia |
March 12, 1916 Vienna, Austria |
1910, 1911 | Nominated by Em.Reich only.[45] | |
Grazia Deledda Madesani | September 28, 1871 Nuoro, Italy |
August 15, 1936 Rome, Italy |
1913, 1914, 1915, 1917, 1918, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1927 | Won the 1926 Nobel Prize in Literature.[46] | |
Dora Melegari | June 27, 1849 Lausanne, Switzerland |
July 31, 1924 Rome, Italy |
1914, 1923 | [47] | |
Sigrid Undset Svarstad | May 20, 1882 Kalundborg, Denmark |
June 10, 1949 Lillehammer, Norway |
1922, 1925, 1926, 1928 | Won the 1928 Nobel Prize in Literature.[48] | |
Matilde Serao Scarfoglio | March 7, 1856 Patras, Greece |
July 25, 1927 Naples, Italy |
1922, 1923, 1924, 1925 | [49] | |
Sofía Casanova Lutosławski | September 30, 1861 A Coruña, Spain |
January 16, 1958 Poznań, Poland |
1926 | [50] | |
Ada Negri Garlanda | February 3, 1870 Lodi, Italy |
January 11, 1945 Milan, Italy |
1926, 1927 | [51] | |
Concha Espina de la Serna | April 15, 1869 Santander, Spain |
May 19, 1955 Madrid, Spain |
1926, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1952, 1954 | [52] | |
Edith Jones Wharton | January 24, 1862 New York City, New York, United States |
August 11, 1937 Saint-Brice-sous-Forêt, France |
1927, 1928, 1930 | [53] | |
Anna Elisabeth de Noailles | November 15, 1876 Paris, France |
April 30, 1933 Paris, France |
1928 | Nominated the only time by T.Hedberg.[54] | |
Edith Annie Howes | August 29, 1872 London, England |
June 14, 1954 Dunedin, New Zealand |
1928 | Nominated the only time by Francis Prendeville Wilson (b. 1874) from the Victoria University of Wellington.[55] | |
Blanca de los Ríos de Lampérez | August 15, 1956 Seville, Spain |
April 13, 1956 Madrid, Spain |
1928 | [56] | |
Ricarda Huch | July 18, 1864 Brunswick, Germany |
November 17, 1947 Kronberg, Germany |
1928, 1935, 1937, 1946 | [57] | |
Clotilde Crespo de Arvelo | September 19, 1887 Los Teques, Venezuela |
(?) 1959 Caracas, Venezuela |
1930 | Nominated the only time by Manuel María Villalobos from the Academia Venezolana de la Lengua.[58] | |
Laura Mestre Hevia | April 6, 1867 Havana, Cuba |
January 11, 1944 Havana, Cuba |
1931 | Nominated the only time by Juan Miguel Dihigo Mestre (1866-1952) from the University of Havana.[59] | |
Ivana Brlić-Mažuranić | April 18, 1874 Ogulin, Croatia |
September 21, 1928 Zagreb, Croatia |
1931, 1935, 1937, 1938 | [60] | |
Maria Madalena de Martel Patrício | April 19, 1884 Lisbon, Portugal |
November 3, 1947 Lisbon, Portugal |
1934, 1935, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1945, 1946, 1947 | [61] | |
Violet Beauclerk Clifton | November 2, 1883 Rome, Italy |
November 20, 1961 Lytham St Annes, England |
1935 | Nominated the only time by Nevill Coghill.[62] | |
Elise Richter | March 2, 1865 Vienna, Austria |
June 23, 1943 Theresienstadt Ghetto, Czechia |
1935 | Richter was the only nominee for the Nobel Prize in Literature who was killed by the Nazi officials during World War II.[63] No Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded this year. | |
Enrica von Handel-Mazzetti | January 10, 1871 Vienna, Austria |
April 8, 1955 Linz, Austria |
1936 | [64] | |
Cécile Tormay | October 8, 1875 Budapest, Hungary |
April 2, 1937 Gyöngyös, Hungary |
1936, 1937 | [65] | |
Maria Jotuni Tarkiainen | April 9, 1880 Kuopio, Finland |
September 30, 1943 Helsinki, Finland |
1937 | Nominated the only time by V.Tarkiainen.[66] | |
Sally Salminen Dürhkop | April 25, 1906 Vårdö, Åland |
July 18, 1976 Copenhagen, Denamrk |
1937, 1938, 1939 | [67] | |
Maila Talvio Mikkola | October 17, 1871 Hartola, Finland |
January 6, 1951 Helsinki, Finland |
1937, 1939, 1947 | [68] | |
Pearl Sydenstricker Buck | June 26, 1892 Hillsboro, West Virginia, United States |
March 6, 1973 Danby, Vermont, United States |
1938 | Won the 1938 Nobel Prize in Literature.[69] | |
Margaret Mitchell | November 8, 1900 Atlanta, Georgia, United States |
August 16, 1949 Atlanta, Georgia, United States |
1938 | Nominated the only time by Sv.Hedin.[70] | |
Henriette Charasson | February 13, 1884 Le Havre, France |
May 29, 1972 Toulouse, France |
1938, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1943, 1944, 1947, 1949, 1954, 1957 | [71] | |
Ethel Florence Richardson | January 3, 1870 East Melbourne, Australia |
March 20, 1946 Hastings, England |
1939 | Nominated the only time by St.B.Liljegren.[72] | |
Henriette Roland Holst-van der Schalk | December 24, 1869 Noordwijk, Netherlands |
November 21, 1952 Amsterdam, Netherlands |
1939, 1950, 1952 | [73] | |
Maria Szumka Dąbrowska | October 6, 1889 Russów, Poland |
May 19, 1965 Warsaw, Poland |
1939, 1957, 1959, 1960, 1965 | [74] | |
Gabriela Mistral | April 7, 1889 Vicuña, Chile |
January 10, 1957 Hempstead, New York, United States |
1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1945 | Won the 1945 Nobel Prize in Literature.[75] | |
Ruth Comfort Mitchell Young | July 21, 1882 San Francisco, California, United States |
February 18, 1954 Los Gatos, California, United States |
1941 | No Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded this year.[76] | |
Elisaveta Bagryana | April 16, 1893 Sofia, Bulgaria |
March 23, 1991 Sofia, Bulgaria |
1943, 1944, 1945, 1969[77] | [78] | |
Marie Under Adson | March 27, 1883 Tallinn, Estonia |
September 25, 1980 Stockholm, Sweden |
1945, 1946, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1955, 1958, 1968,[79] 1969,[77] 1970,[80] 1971[81] | [82] | |
Sidonie-Gabrielle Colette | January 28, 1873 Saint-Sauveur-en-Puisaye, France |
August 3, 1954 Paris, France |
1948 | Nominated the only time by Cl.Farrère.[83] | |
Dorothy Canfield Fisher | February 17, 1879 Lawrence, Kansas, United States |
November 9, 1958 Arlington, Vermont, United States |
1948, 1949 | Nominated by D.Baumgardt only.[84] | |
Karen von Blixen-Finecke | April 17, 1885 Rungsted, Denmark |
September 7, 1962 Rungsted, Denamrk |
1950, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962 | [85] | |
Gertrud von Le Fort | October 11, 1876 Minden, Germany |
November 1, 1971 Oberstdorf, Germany |
1950, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1961, 1962, 1963 | [86] | |
María Enriqueta Camarillo de Monter | February 19, 1872 Coatepec, Mexico |
February 13, 1968 Mexico City, Mexico |
1951 | Nominated the only time by Leavitt Olds Wright (b. 1891) from the University of Oregon.[87] | |
Katharine Susannah Prichard Throssell | December 4, 1883 Levuka, Fiji |
October 2, 1969 Greenmount, Australia |
1951 | [88] | |
Edith Louisa Sitwell | September 7, 1887 Scarborough, England |
December 9, 1964 London, England |
1955, 1958, 1959 | [89] | |
Melpo Axioti | July 15, 1905 Athens, Greece |
May 22, 1973 Athens, Greece |
1956 | Nominated the only time by A.Bonnard.[90] | |
Marthe Lahovary Bibesco | January 28, 1886 Bucharest, Romania |
November 28, 1973 Paris, France |
1956 | [91] | |
Elizabeth de Beauchamp Goudge | April 24, 1900 Wells, England |
April 1, 1984 Oxfordshire, England |
1956, 1959 | Nominated by Edm.Privat only.[92] | |
Elizabeth Bowen Cameron | June 7, 1899 Dublin, Ireland |
February 22, 1973 London, England |
1958 | Nominated the only time by R.Jakobson.[93] | |
Juana Fernández Morales de Ibarbourou | March 8, 1892 Melo, Uruguay |
July 15, 1979 Montevideo, Uruguay |
1959, 1960, 1963 | [94] | |
María Raquel Adler | ca. 1900 | July 28, 1974 Bernal, Argentina |
1959, 1965 | [95] | |
Anna Seghers | November 19, 1900 Mainz, Germany |
June 1, 1983 East Berlin, Germany |
1959, 1967, 1968,[79] 1969[77] | [96] | |
Marie Noël | February 16, 1883 Auxerre, France |
December 23, 1967 Auxerre, France |
1960 | Nominated the only time by Maurice Bemol (1900-1961) from the Saarland University.[97] | |
Cora Sandel | December 20, 1880 Oslo, Norway |
April 3, 1974 Uppsala, Sweden |
1961 | Nominated the only time by H.Ofstad.[98] | |
Giulia Scappino Mureno | 1902 | after 1967 | 1961, 1962 | Nominated by the Alfr.Galletti only and for the Nobel Peace Prize too.[99] | |
Simone Lucie de Beauvoir | January 9, 1908 Paris, France |
April 14, 1986 Paris, France |
1961, 1969[77] | [100] | |
Nelly Sachs | December 10, 1891 Berlin, Germany |
May 12, 1970 Stockholm, Sweden |
1963, 1964, 1965, 1966 | Won the 1966 Nobel Prize in Literature with Shm.Y.Agnon.[101] | |
Ingeborg Bachmann | June 25, 1926 Klagenfurt, Austria |
October 17, 1973 Rome, Italy |
1963 | Nominated the only time by H.Patzer.[102] | |
Kate Roberts-Williams | February 13, 1891 Rhosgadfan, Wales |
April 4, 1985 Denbigh, Wales |
1963 | Nominated the only time by Idr.Ll.Foster.[103] | |
Ina Seidel | September 15, 1885 Halle (Saale), Germany |
October 2, 1974 Schäftlarn, Germany |
1964 | Nominated the only time by G.Jachmann.[104] | |
Judith Wright McKinney | May 31, 1915 Armidale, Australia |
June 25, 2000 Canberra, Australia |
1964, 1965, 1967[105] | [106] | |
Katherine Anne Porter | May 15, 1890 Indian Creek, Texas, United States |
September 18, 1980 Silver Spring, Maryland, United States |
1964, 1965, 1966, 1967,[105] 1968[79] | [107] | |
Marguerite Yourcenar | June 8, 1903 Brussels, Belgium |
December 17, 1987 Northeast Harbor, Maine, United States |
1965 | Nominated the only time by I.-M.Frandon.[108] | |
Anna Akhmatova | June 28, 1889 Odesa, Ukraine |
March 5, 1966 Domodedovo, Russia |
1965, 1966 | [109] | |
Marie Luise Kaschnitz | January 31, 1901 Karlsruhe, Germany |
October 10, 1974 Rome, Italy |
1965, 1967[105] | Nominated by the H.Tiemann only.[110] | |
Lina Kostenko | March 19, 1930 Rzhyshchiv, Ukraine |
1967[105] | Nominated jointly with P.Tychyna and Iv.Drach the only time by Om.Pritsak.[111] | ||
Marianne Moore | November 15, 1887 Kirkwood, Missouri, United States |
February 5, 1972 New York City, United States |
1968[79] | Nominated the only time by Er.Lindegren.[112] | |
Mildred Matthews Breedlove | May 27, 1904 Coal Hill, Arkansas, United States |
August 14, 1994 Ferron, Utah, United States |
1968[79] | Nominated the only time.[113] | |
Nathalie Sarraute | July 18, 1900 Ivanovo-Voznesensk, Russia |
October 19, 1999 Paris, France |
1969[77] | Nominated the only time by L.Gyllensten.[114] | |
Victoria Ocampo | April 7, 1890 Buenos Aires, Argentina |
January 27, 1979 Béccar, Argentina |
1970[80] | Nominated the only time by M.Alfr.Olivera.[115] |
Peace
Picture | Name | Born | Died | Years Nominated | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bertha Freifrau von Suttner | June 9, 1843 Prague, Czechia |
June 21, 1914 Vienna, Austria |
1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1905 | Won the 1905 Nobel Peace Prize.[116] | |
Belva Ann Bennett Lockwood | October 24, 1830 Royalton, New York, United States |
May 19, 1917 Washington, D.C., United States |
1901, 1914 | [117] | |
The Union of French Women | founded in 1908 Paris, France |
dissolved in 1945 Paris, France |
1902, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1906 | [118] | |
Priscilla Hannah Peckover | October 27, 1833 Wisbech, England |
September 8, 1931 Wisbech, England |
1903, 1905, 1911, 1913 | [119] | |
Henriette Verdier Winteler de Weindeck | January 9, 1832 London, England |
March 20, 1910 London, England |
1905, 1907, 1910 | [120] | |
Angela de Oliveira Cézar de Costa | ca. 1860 Entre Ríos Province, Argentina |
June 25, 1940 Buenos Aires, Argentina |
1910, 1911 | [121] | |
Anna Bernhardine Eckstein | June 14, 1868 Coburg, Germany |
October 16, 1947 Coburg, Germany |
1913 | Nominated the only time by N.A.Nilsson.[122] | |
Lucia True Ames Mead | May 5, 1856 Boscawen, New Hampshire, United States |
November 1, 1936 Boston, Massachusetts, United States |
1913 | Nominated jointly with her husband Edwin Doak Mead (1849-1937) from the American Peace League the only time by S.Tr.Dutton.[123] | |
Jane Addams | September 6, 1860 Cedarville, Illinois, United States |
May 21, 1935 Chicago, Illinois, United States |
1916, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931 | Won the 1931 Nobel Peace Prize.[124] | |
Rosika Bédy-Schwimmer | September 11, 1877 Budapest, Hungary |
August 3, 1948 New York City, New York, United States |
1917, 1948 | [125] | |
Mary Shapard | ? Texas, United States |
? Texas, United States |
1919 | [126] | |
Caroline Rémy de Guebhard | April 27, 1855 Paris, France |
April 24, 1929 Pierrefonds, France |
1920, 1922, 1924, 1927, 1929 | Nominated by L.Le Foyer only.[127] | |
Eglantyne Jebb | August 25, 1876 Ellesmere, England |
December 17, 1928 Geneva, Switezrland |
1922 | [128] | |
Elsa Brändström Ulich | March 26, 1888 Saint Petersburg, Russia |
March 4, 1948 Boston, Massachusetts, United States |
1922, 1923, 1928, 1929 | [129] | |
International Council of Women | founded in March 1888 Washington, D. C., United States |
1922, 1923, 1935 | [130] | ||
Annie Wood Besant | October 1, 1847 Clapham, England |
September 20, 1933 Adyar, Chennai, India |
1931 | Nominated the only time by P.Freeman.[131] | |
Ishbel Hamilton-Gordon, Marchioness of Aberdeen and Temair | March 15, 1857 London, England |
April 18, 1939 Aberdeen, Scotland |
1931, 1932, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937 | [132] | |
Marguerite-Antoinette Djabadary (Margit Antonia Bárczy) | November 29, 1877 Budapest, Hungary |
March 26, 1934 Paris, France |
1933 | Nominated the only time by Ch.Dupuis.[133] | |
Janet Miller | ? | ? | 1935 | [134] | |
Julie Bikle | January 8, 1871 Lucerne, Switzerland |
May 11, 1962 Winterthur, Switzerland |
1935, 1936, 1937 | Nominated by Otto Pfister (1875–1939) from the Swiss parliament only.[135] | |
Moina Belle Michael | August 15, 1869 Good Hope, Georgia, United States |
May 10, 1944 Athens, Georgia, United States |
1936 | [136] | |
Irma Schweitzer-Meyer | January 30, 1882 Baden, Switzerland |
July 4, 1967 Zürich, Switzerland |
1936, 1937 | Nominated by N.A.Nilsson only.[137] | |
Henrietta Szold | December 21, 1860 Baltimore, Maryland, United States |
February 13, 1945 Jerusalem, Israel |
1937 | Nominated the only time by R.S.Copeland.[138] | |
Princess Henriette of Belgium | November 30, 1870 Brussels, Belgium |
March 28, 1948 Sierre, Switzerland |
1938 | [139] | |
Carrie Chapman Catt | January 9, 1859 Ripon, Wisconsin, United States |
March 9, 1947 New Rochelle, New York, United States |
1939 | [140] | |
Emily Greene Balch | January 8, 1867 Boston, Massachusetts, United States |
January 9, 1961 Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States |
1946 | Won the 1946 Nobel Peace Prize with John Mott.[141] | |
Alexandra Kollontai | March 31, 1872 Saint Petersburg, Russia |
March 9, 1952 Moscow, Russia |
1946, 1947 | [142] | |
Anna Eleanor Roosevelt | October 11, 1884 New York City, New York, United States |
November 7, 1962 Manhattan, New York, United States |
1947, 1949, 1955, 1959, 1962 | [143] | |
Katharine Bruce Glasier | September 25, 1867 Stoke Newington, London, England |
June 14, 1950 Earby, England |
1948 | Nominated the only time by G.McAllister.[144] | |
María Eva Duarte Perón | May 7, 1919 Los Toldos, Argentina |
July 26, 1952 Buenos Aires, Argentina |
1949 | Nominated jointly with her husband J.Perón the only time by the member of the Argentine parliament Virgilio Filippo (1896-1969).[145] | |
Maria Tecla Montessori | August 31, 1870 Chiaravalle, Italy |
May 6, 1952 Noordwijk, Netherlands |
1949, 1950, 1951 | [146] | |
Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands | August 31, 1880 Noordeinde Palace, South Holland, Netherlands |
November 28, 1962 Paleis Het Loo, Apeldoorn, Netherlands |
1951 | [147] | |
Ada Barbara Waylen | 1906 |
? | 1952 | Nominated the only time by N.Bentwich.[148] | |
Elisabeth Friederike Rotten | February 15, 1882 Berlin, Germany |
May 2, 1964 London, England |
1952, 1956, 1957, 1959, 1960, 1961 | [149] | |
Margaret Higgins Sanger | September 14, 1879 Corning, New York, United States |
September 6, 1966 Tucson, Arizona, United States |
1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1960, 1963 | [150] | |
Helen Adams Keller | June 27, 1880 Tuscumbia, Alabama, United States |
June 1, 1968 Easton, Connecticut, United States |
1954, 1958 | [151] | |
Gertrud Baer | November 25, 1890 Halberstadt, Germany |
December 15, 1981 Geneva, Switzerland |
1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959 | [152] | |
Women's International League for Peace and Freedom | founded in 1915 Geneva, Switzerland |
1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1961, 1965, 1966, 1967 | [153] | ||
Olave St. Clair Baden-Powell | February 22, 1889 Chesterfield, England |
June 25, 1977 Bramley, England |
1959 | [154] | |
Marie-Elisabeth Lüders | June 25, 1878 Berlin, Germany |
March 23, 1966 Berlin, Germany |
1961 | Nominated the only time by Er.Mende.[155] | |
Lotta Hitschmanova | November 28, 1909 Prague, Czech Republic |
August 1, 1990 Ottawa, Canada |
1961, 1962 | Nominated by Arthur R. Smith only.[156] | |
Gertrud Kurz-Hohl | March 15, 1890 Lutzenberg, Switzerland |
June 26, 1972 Lutzenberg, Switzerland |
1961, 1962 | [157] | |
Giulia Scappino Mureno | ? | ? | 1961, 1962 | Nominated by the member of the Italian Parliament Udo Redano only and for the Nobel Prize in Literature too.[99] | |
Maude Miner-Hadden | 1880 Massachusetts, United States |
1967 Massachusetts, United States |
1962 | Nominated the only time by Åke Sandler (1913-2008) from the Los Angeles State College.[158] | |
Catherine Devilliers (LEBLANC, Marie - Catherine) | December 30, 1923 Montpellier, France |
1963 | [159] | ||
Stella Monk | ? United Kingdom |
? United Kingdom |
1963 | Nominated the only time by Sierra Leone Minister of Finance Mohammed Sanusi Mustapha (1903-1993).[160] | |
Margaret Susan Cheshire | July 3, 1924 Leeds, England |
November 2, 2000 Bury St Edmunds, England |
1967 | [161] |
See also
- List of Nobel laureates
- List of female Nobel laureates
- List of women writers
- List of women's rights activists
- List of female scientists in the 20th century
References
- ^ "The Nobel Prize". www.nobelprize.org. Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ a b "Nobel Laureates Facts - Women". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nobel Prize in Physics 1903". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Nominated Women". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1947". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 27 November 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ Asaid, Alan. "This is how the Academy misjudged the women". Svenska Dagbladet. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nobel Prize in Literature 1909". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 2008-10-17. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ a b "Nomination Archive – Marie Curie". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ a b c "Nomination Archive – Irène Joliot-Curie". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ a b "Nomination Archive – Lise Meitner". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ a b c "Nomination Archive – Marietta Blau". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Hertha Wambacher". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Maria Goeppert-Mayer". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ a b "Nomination Archive – Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Chien-Shiung Wu". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Margaret Burbridge". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Janine Connes". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Ida Noddack". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Thérèse Tréfouël". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Marguerite Perey". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Joan Folkes". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Martha Chase". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Alberte Pullman". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – M B Allen". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Erika Cremer". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Cécile Vogt". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Maud Slye". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Gladys Dick". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Alice Bernheim". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Marion Blankenhorn". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Lady May Mellanby". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Susan Smith". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Olive Watkins Smith". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Gerty Cori". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Helen Taussig". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Miriam Menkin". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Madge Macklin". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Elizabeth Bugie". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Malwida von Meysenburg". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Selma Lagerlöf". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Émilie Lerou". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Eliza Orzeszkowa". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Molly Seawell". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Grazia Deledda Madesani". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Dora Melegari". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Singrid Undset". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Matilde Serao". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Sofia Casanova". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Ada Negri". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Concha Espina de la Serna". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Edith Wharton". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Anna Elisabeth Mathieu de Noailles". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Edith Howes". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Blanca de los Ríos de Lampérez". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Ricarda Huch". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Clotilde de Arvelo". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Laura Mestre". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Ivana Brlic-Mazuranic". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Maria Madalena de Martel Patrício". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Violet Clifton". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Elise Richter". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Enrica von Handel-Mazzetti". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Cecile Tormay". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Maria Jotuni". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Sally Salminen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Maila Talvio". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Pearl Buck". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Margaret Mitchell". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Henriette Charasson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Henry Handel Richardson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Henriette Roland Holst van der Schalk". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Maria Dabrowksa". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Gabriela Mistral". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Ruth Young". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ a b c d e "Nobelarkivet 1969" (PDF). svenskaakademien.se. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Elisabet Bagriana". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ a b c d e "Nobelarkivet 1968" (PDF). svenskaakademien.se. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ a b "Nobelarkivet 1970" (PDF). svenskaakademien.se. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nobelarkivet 1971" (PDF). svenskaakademien.se. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Marie Under". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Sidonie-Gabrielle Colette". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Dorothy Fisher". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Karen Blixen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Gertrud von Le Fort". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020."Nomination Archive – Gertrud von Le Fort". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Maria Enriqueta Camarillo y Roa". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Katharine Susannah Prichard". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Edith Sitwell". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Melpo Axioti". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Marthe Bibesco". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Elisabeth Goudge". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Elizabeth Bowen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Juana de Ibarbourou". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Juana de Ibarbourou". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Anna Seghers". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 13 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Juana de Ibarbourou". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Cora Sandel". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ a b "Nomination Archive – Giulia Scappino Mureno". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Simone de Beauvoir". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Nelly Sachs". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Ingeborg Bachmann". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Kate Roberts". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Ina Seidel". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ a b c d "Nobelarkivet 1967" (PDF). svenskaakademien.se. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Judith Wright". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Katherine Anne Porter". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Marguerite Yourcenar". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Anna Akhmatova". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Marie Luise Kaschnitz". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Lina Kostenko". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Marianne Craig Moore". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Mildred Breedlove". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Nathalie Sarraute". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Victoria Ocampo". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Baroness Bertha Sophie von Suttner". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Belva Ann Lockwood". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – The Union of French Women". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Priscilla Hannah Peckover". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Henriette Verdier Winteler de Weindeck". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Angela de Oliveira Cezar de Costa". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Anna Eckstein". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Lucia True Ames Mead". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Jane Addams". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Rosika Schwimmer". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Mary Shapard". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Madame Séverine". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Eglantyne Jebb". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Elsa Brändström". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – International Council of Women". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Annie Besant". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Ishbel Hamilton-Gordon". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Marguerite-Antoinette Djabadary". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Janet Miller". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Julie Bikle". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Moina Michael". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Irma Schweitzer". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Henrieta Szold". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Princess Henriette". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Carrie Chapman Catt". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Emily Greene Blach". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Alexandra Mikhaylovna Kollontay". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Eleanor Roosevelt". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Katharine Bruce Glasier". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – María Eva Duarte Perón". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Maria Montessori". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Princess Wilhelmina of the Netherlands". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Barbara Waylen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Elisabeth Rotten". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Margaret Sanger". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Helen Keller". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Gertrud Baer". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Women´s International League for Peace and Freedom". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Olave Baden-Powell". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Marie Elisabeth Lüders". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Lotta Hitchmanova". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Getrud Kurz-Hohl". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Mrs. Alexander Hadden". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 July 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Catherine Devilliers". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Stella Monk". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive – Sue Ryder Cheshire". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
External links
- Alan Asaid (26 September 2009). "Så ratade Akademien kvinnorna" [How the Academy Rejected the Women]. SvD (in Swedish).