Archbishop of York | |
---|---|
Archbishopric | |
anglican | |
![]() | |
![]() Arms of the Diocese of York: Gules, two keys in saltire the wards upwards argent in chief a regal crown proper[1] | |
Incumbent: Stephen Cottrell since 9 July 2020 | |
Style | The Most Reverend and Right Honourable (otherwise His Grace) |
Location | |
Ecclesiastical province | York |
Residence | Bishopthorpe Palace |
Information | |
First holder | Paulinus of York |
Established | Bishopric in 626 Archbishopric in 735 |
Diocese | York |
Cathedral | York Minster |
Website | |
archbishopofyork |
Part of a series on |
Anglicanism |
---|
![]() |
![]() |
The Archbishop of York is a senior bishop in the Church of England, second only to the archbishop of Canterbury. The archbishop is the diocesan bishop of the Diocese of York and the metropolitan bishop of the Province of York, which covers the northern regions of England (north of the Trent) as well as the Isle of Man. The archbishop of York is an ex officio member of the House of Lords and is styled Primate of England; the archbishop of Canterbury is the Primate of All England.
The archbishop's throne (cathedra) is in York Minster in central York and the official residence is Bishopthorpe Palace in the village of Bishopthorpe outside York. The current archbishop is Stephen Cottrell, since the confirmation of his election on 9 July 2020.[2]
History
Roman
There was a bishop in Eboracum (Roman York) from very early times; during the Middle Ages, it was thought to have been one of the dioceses established by the legendary King Lucius. Bishops of York are known to have been present at the councils of Arles (Eborius) and Nicaea (unnamed). However, this early Christian community was later destroyed by the pagan Anglo-Saxons and there is no direct succession from these bishops to the post-Augustinian ones.
Anglo-Saxon, Viking and Medieval times
The diocese was refounded by Paulinus (a member of Augustine's mission) in the 7th century. Notable among these early bishops is Wilfrid. These early bishops of York acted as diocesan rather than archdiocesan prelates until the time of Ecgbert of York,[a] who received the pallium from Pope Gregory III in 735 and established metropolitan rights in the north. Until the Danish invasion the archbishops of Canterbury occasionally exercised authority, and it was not until the Norman Conquest that the archbishops of York asserted their complete independence.
At the time of the Norman invasion York had jurisdiction over Worcester, Lichfield, and Lincoln, as well as claiming the dioceses in the Northern Isles and Scotland which were in fact independent. [4] But the first three sees just mentioned were taken from York in 1072. In 1154 the suffragan sees of the Isle of Man and Orkney were transferred to the Norwegian archbishop of Nidaros (today's Trondheim), and in 1188 York finally accepted it had no authority over all of the Scottish dioceses except Whithorn, so that only the dioceses of Whithorn, Durham, and Carlisle remained to the archbishops as suffragan sees. Of these, Durham was practically independent, for the palatine bishops of that see were little short of sovereigns in their own jurisdiction. Sodor and Man were returned to York during the 14th century, to compensate for the loss of Whithorn to the Scottish Church.
Several of the archbishops of York held the ministerial office of Lord Chancellor of England and played some parts in affairs of state. As Peter Heylyn (1600–1662) wrote: "This see has yielded to the Church eight saints, to the Church of Rome three cardinals, to the realm of England twelve Lord Chancellors and two Lord Treasurers, and to the north of England two Lord Presidents." The bishopric's role was also complicated by continued conflict over primacy with the see of Canterbury.
English Reformation
At the time of the English Reformation, York possessed three suffragan sees, Durham, Carlisle and Sodor and Man, to which during the brief space of Queen Mary I's reign (1553–1558) may be added the Diocese of Chester, founded by Henry VIII, but subsequently recognised by the Pope.
Until the mid 1530s (and from 1553 to 1558) the bishops and archbishops were in communion with the pope in Rome. This is no longer the case, as the archbishop of York, together with the rest of the Church of England, is a member of the Anglican Communion.
Walter de Grey purchased York Place as his London residence, which after the fall of Cardinal Thomas Wolsey, was renamed the Palace of Whitehall.
Present
The archbishop of York is the metropolitan bishop of the Province of York and is the junior of the two archbishops of the Church of England after the archbishop of Canterbury.[5] The See is currently occupied by Stephen Cottrell since 9 July 2020.
The Province of York includes 10 Anglican dioceses in Northern England: Blackburn, Carlisle, Chester, Durham, Liverpool, Manchester, Newcastle, Sheffield, Leeds, and York, as well as 2 other dioceses: Southwell and Nottingham in the Midlands and Sodor and Man covering the Isle of Man.
List of archbishops
Pre-Conquest
Bishops of York | |||
---|---|---|---|
From | Until | Incumbent | Notes |
625 | 633 | Paulinus | Formerly a monk at St. Andrew's Monastery in Rome; translated to Rochester; canonised.[6] |
633 | 664 | See vacant | |
664 | 669 | Chad | Resigned the see of York; later became Bishop of Mercia and Lindsey; canonised. |
664 | 678 | Wilfrid (I) | Ejected from York; later became Bishop of Selsey[b]canonised. |
678 | 706 | Bosa | Canonised. |
706 | 714 | John of Beverley | Translated from Hexham; resigned the see; canonised in 1037. |
714 | 732 | Wilfrid (II) | Resigned the see; canonised. |
c. 732 | 735 | Ecgbert | York elevated to Archbishopric in 735. |
Pre-Conquest Archbishops of York | |||
From | Until | Incumbent | Notes |
735 | 766 | Ecgbert | York elevated to Archbishopric in 735. |
c. 767 | c. 780 | Æthelbert | Also known as Æthelbeorht, Adalberht, Ælberht, Aelberht, Aldbert or Æthelbert. |
c. 780 | 796 | Eanbald (I) | |
796 | c. 808 | Eanbald (II) | |
c. 808 | c. 834 | Wulfsige | |
837 | 854 | Wigmund | |
854 | c. 896 | Wulfhere | Fled the Danes in 872, returned in 873. |
900 | c. 916 | Æthelbald | Sometimes known as Æthelbeald, Athelbald, or Ethelbald. |
c. 916 | 931 | Hrotheweard | Sometimes known as Lodeward. |
931 | 956 | Wulfstan (I) | |
c. 958 | 971 | Oscytel | Also known as Oscytel. Translated from Dorchester. |
971 | Edwald | Also known as Edwaldus or Ethelwold. | |
971 | 992 | Oswald | Held both the sees of York and Worcester; canonised. |
995 | 1002 | Ealdwulf | Held both the sees of York and Worcester. |
1002 | 1023 | Wulfstan (II) | Also known as Lupus. Also held the see of Worcester (1002–1016). |
1023 | 1051 | Ælfric Puttoc | Also held the see of Worcester (1040–1041). |
1051 | 1060 | Cynesige | Also known as Kynsige. |
1061 | 1069 | Ealdred | Also known as Aldred. Held the see of Worcester 1046–1061, of Hereford 1056–1060, and of York 1061–1069. |
Footnote(s):[c] and Source(s):[9][10] |
Conquest to Reformation
Archbishops of York (Conquest to Reformation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
From | Until | Incumbent | Notes |
1070 | 1100 | Thomas of Bayeux | Also known as Thomas (I). |
1100 | 1108 | Gerard | Translated from Hereford. |
1109 | 1114 | Thomas (II) | |
1119 | 1140 | Thurstan | He was elected in 1114, but was not consecrated until 1119. |
1140 | Waltheof of Melrose | Nominated Archbishop, but was quashed by King Stephen; later became Abbot of Melrose. | |
1140 | Abbot of Fécamp Abbey. Nominated Archbishop, but was quashed by Pope Innocent II. | ||
1143 | 1147 | William (FitzHerbert) | Deposed by Pope Eugene III; canonised in 1226. |
1147 | Hilary of Chichester | Deposed by Pope Eugene III, elected Bishop of Chichester. | |
1147 | 1153 | Henry Murdac | Formerly Abbot of Fountains Abbey. |
1153 | 1154 | William (FitzHerbert) (again) | Restored by Pope Anastasius IV; canonised in 1226. |
1154 | 1181 | ![]() |
Formerly Archdeacon of Canterbury. |
1191 | 1212 | Geoffrey (Plantagenet) | Formerly Bishop-elect of Lincoln; elected archbishop in 1189, but was only consecrated in 1191. |
1215 | Simon Langton | Elected Archbishop of York in June 1215, but was quashed on 20 August 1215 by Pope Innocent III on request from King John; later became Archdeacon of Canterbury. | |
1216 | 1255 | ![]() |
Translated from Worcester. |
1256 | 1258 | Sewal de Bovil | Formerly Dean of York. |
1258 | 1265 | Godfrey Ludham | Also known as Godfrey Kineton. Formerly Dean of York. |
1265 | William Langton | Dean of York (1262–1279); elected archbishop in March 1265, but was quashed in November 1265.[11] | |
1265 | 1266 | ![]() |
Selected as archbishop in November 1265, but never consecrated and resigned the appointment in October 1266. |
1266 | 1279 | Walter Giffard | Translated from Bath and Wells. |
1279 | 1285 | William de Wickwane | |
1286 | 1296 | John le Romeyn | Also known as John Romanus. |
1298 | 1299 | Henry of Newark | Formerly Dean of York. |
1300 | 1304 | Thomas of Corbridge | |
1306 | 1315 | William Greenfield | Formerly Dean of Chichester |
1317 | 1340 | ![]() |
|
1342 | 1352 | William Zouche | Also known as William de la Zouche. |
1353 | 1373 | Cardinal John of Thoresby | Translated from Worcester; created a Cardinal in 1361.[12] |
1374 | 1388 | Alexander Neville | Translated to St Andrews in 1388. |
1388 | 1396 | ![]() |
Translated from Ely; afterwards translated to Canterbury. |
1397 | 1398 | Robert Waldby | Translated from Chichester. |
1398 | ![]() |
Bishop of Durham, elected but put aside by King Richard II. | |
1398 | 1405 | Richard le Scrope | Translated from Lichfield. |
1405 | 1406 | Thomas Langley | Elected Archbishop in August 1405, but was quashed in May 1406. |
1406 | 1407 | ![]() |
Nominated Archbishop in May 1406 by Pope Innocent VII, but was vetoed by King Henry IV. |
1407 | 1423 | Henry Bowet | Translated from Bath and Wells. |
1423 | 1424 | Philip Morgan | Elected Archbishop in 1423, but was quashed in 1424. |
1424 | 1425 | ![]() |
Conferred as Archbishop by Pope Martin V, but was refused by King Henry V, and Fleming resigned the appointment in July 1425. |
1426 | 1452 | ![]() |
Translated from London; created a Cardinal in 1439;[13] translated to Canterbury. |
1452 | 1464 | William Booth | Translated from Lichfield. |
1465 | 1476 | George Neville | Translated from Exeter. |
1476 | 1480 | Lawrence Booth | Translated from Durham. |
1480 | 1500 | ![]() |
Translated from Lincoln. |
1501 | 1507 | ![]() |
Translated from London. |
1508 | 1514 | ![]() |
Translated from Durham; created a Cardinal in 1511.[14] |
1514 | 1530 | ![]() |
Translated from Lincoln in 1514; created a Cardinal in 1515;[15] held with Bath and Wells 1518–23, Durham 1523–29 and Winchester 1529–30. |
Source(s):[10][16][17][18] |
Post-Reformation
Post-Reformation archbishops of York | |||
---|---|---|---|
From | Until | Incumbent | Notes |
1531 | 1544 | ![]() |
Translated from St Davids. |
1545 | 1554 | ![]() |
Translated from Llandaff. |
1555 | 1559 | ![]() |
Translated from Worcester. |
1561 | 1568 | ![]() |
Translated from St Davids. |
1570 | 1576 | ![]() |
Translated from London; afterwards translated to Canterbury. |
1577 | 1588 | ![]() |
Translated from London. |
1589 | 1594 | ![]() |
Translated from Salisbury. |
1595 | 1606 | ![]() |
Translated from Durham. |
1606 | 1628 | ![]() |
Translated from Durham. |
1628 | ![]() |
Translated from Durham. | |
1629 | 1631 | ![]() |
Translated from Norwich. |
1632 | 1640 | ![]() |
Translated from Winchester. |
1641 | 1646 | ![]() |
Translated from Lincoln. Deprived when the English episcopacy was abolished by Parliament. Died 1650. |
1646 | 1660 | The see was abolished during the Commonwealth and the Protectorate.[19][20] | |
1660 | 1664 | ![]() |
Translated from Lichfield. |
1664 | 1683 | ![]() |
Translated from Carlisle. |
1683 | 1686 | ![]() |
Translated from Rochester. |
1688 | 1691 | ![]() |
Translated from Exeter. |
1691 | 1714 | ![]() |
Formerly Dean of Canterbury. |
1714 | 1724 | ![]() |
Translated from Chester. |
1724 | 1743 | ![]() |
Translated from Exeter. |
1743 | 1747 | ![]() |
Translated from Bangor; afterwards translated to Canterbury. |
1747 | 1757 | ![]() |
Translated from Bangor; afterwards translated to Canterbury. |
1757 | 1761 | ![]() |
Translated from Salisbury. |
1761 | 1776 | ![]() |
Translated from Salisbury. |
1776 | 1807 | ![]() |
Translated from Chester. |
1808 | 1847 | ![]() |
Translated from Carlisle. Surname changed from Venables-Vernon to Venables-Vernon-Harcourt in 1831. |
1847 | 1860 | ![]() |
Translated from Hereford. |
1860 | 1862 | ![]() |
Translated from Durham; afterwards translated to Canterbury. |
1862 | 1890 | ![]() |
Translated from Gloucester. |
1891 | ![]() |
Translated from Peterborough. | |
1891 | 1908 retired |
![]() |
Translated from Lichfield. |
1909 | 1928 | ![]() |
Translated from Stepney; afterwards translated to Canterbury. |
1929 | 1942 | ![]() |
Translated from Manchester; afterwards translated to Canterbury. |
1942 | 1955 retired |
![]() |
Translated from Winchester. |
1956 | 1961 | ![]() |
Translated from Durham; afterwards translated to Canterbury. |
1961 | 1974 | ![]() |
Translated from Bradford; afterwards translated to Canterbury. |
1975 | 1983 retired |
![]() |
Translated from Liverpool. |
1983 | 1995 retired |
![]() |
Translated from Durham. |
1995 | 2005 retired |
![]() |
Translated from London. |
2005 | 2020 retired |
![]() |
Translated from Birmingham; retired 7 June 2020.[22] |
2020 | present | ![]() |
Translated from Chelmsford; election confirmed 9 July 2020.[2] |
Source(s):[10][24][25] |
Archbishops who became peers
From 1660 to 1900, all the archbishops of York died in office or were translated to Canterbury and died in that office.
William Maclagan was the first to voluntarily resign his office in 1908, two years before his death. All of his successors who were not translated to Canterbury have also resigned their office before death, and (like all archbishops of Canterbury) have been offered a peerage upon resignation.[d]
Archbishop | Title | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|
Cosmo Gordon Lang | Baron Lang of Lambeth in 1942 | Extinct in 1945 | as Archbishop of Canterbury |
Michael Ramsey | Baron Ramsey of Canterbury for life in 1974 | Extinct in 1988 | |
Donald Coggan | Baron Coggan for life in 1980 | Extinct in 2000 | |
Stuart Blanch | Baron Blanch for life in 1983 | Extinct in 1994 | |
John Habgood | Baron Habgood for life in 1995 | Retired from the House in 2011;[26] extinct in 2019 | |
David Hope | Baron Hope of Thornes for life in 2005 | Retired from the House in 2015;[27] extant | |
John Sentamu | Baron Sentamu for life in 2021 | Extant |
Assistant bishops
Among those who have served as assistant bishops of the diocese have been:
- 1929 – 1931 (res.): Bernard Heywood — overseeing the Archdeaconry of the East Riding — former Bishop of Southwell; became Bishop suffragan of Hull (i.e., effectively the same role) and Archdeacon of the East Riding[28]
- 1964 – 1970 (ret.): Mervyn Armstrong, Adviser on Industry to the Archbishop of York and former Bishop of Jarrow[29]
- 1969 – 1996 (d.): George Cockin, Rector of Bainton (until 1978) and former Bishop of Owerri. George Eyles Irwin Cockin (15 August 1908 – 18 November 1996)[30] was an Irish missionary in Nigeria.[31] Educated at Repton and Leeds University, he was a Tutor at St Paul's College, Awka (1933–40) and then a Supervisor of Anglican Schools in East Nigeria (1940–52) before training for the ministry at Lincoln Theological College. He was made deacon in 1953, ordained priest in 1954 and served his title (curacy) in Kimberworth until 1955. He then returned to Nigeria as Senior Supervisor of Anglican Schools in East Nigeria until 1958; during which time he was also additionally made a Canon of All Saints Cathedral, Onitsha (Diocese on the Niger), 1957.[30] He was elected the first Bishop of Owerri in 1959 and served until his resignation in 1969.[30] He was consecrated a bishop on 27 January 1959 by James Horstead, Archbishop of West Africa and Bishop of Sierra Leone.[31]
- 1977 – 1994 (d.): Richard Wimbush, Priest-in-charge of Etton with Dalton Holme (until 1983) and former Bishop of Argyll and The Isles and Primus[32]
See also
Footnotes
- ^ Paulinus was appointed Archbishop of York by Pope Honorius I in 634, but the appointment was not effective since it occurred after Paulinus had fled from York and become Bishop of Rochester.[3]
- ^ Although Wilfrid established a monastic community in Selsey, there are no early sources that describe him as bishop of the South Saxons. Wilfrid is credited with being first bishop of the South Saxons, by William of Malmesbury and Florence of Worcester, also on some later Ecclesiastical lists, but he was still technically Bishop of York when in charge of Selsey Abbey. Therefore, as Sussex had been annexed by Wessex then Selsey probably would have been subject to the Diocese of the West Saxons, when Wilfrid was there.[7]
- ^ The second edition of the Handbook of British Chronology listed Æthelric to have been archbishop of York from 1041 to 1042,[8] but in the third edition he is no longer listed to have been archbishop.[9]
- ^ William Temple died in office (as the archbishop of Canterbury), and Cyril Garbett died before his hereditary peerage could be created.
References
Citations
- ^ Debrett's Peerage, 1968, p.1173, with added "the wards upwards" for clarity, as per Debrett's blazon for Bishop of Gloucester
- ^ a b "Search results".
- ^ Costambeys "Paulinus (St Paulinus) (d. 644)" Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
- ^ Davuit Broun, Scottish Independence and the Idea of Britain: From the Picts to Alexander III, p. 115
- ^ Fryde et al. 1986, Handbook of British Chronology, 3rd Edition, pp. 224, and 281–284.
- ^ St. Paulinus, Archbishop of York. Retrieved on 20 November 2008.
- ^ Foot 2011 The Bishops of Selsey and the Creation of a Diocese for Sussex. pp. 90-101.
- ^ Powicke & Fryde 1961, Handbook of British Chronology, 2nd Edition, p. 257.
- ^ a b Fryde et al. 1986, Handbook of British Chronology, 3rd Edition, p. 224.
- ^ a b c "Historical successions: York". Crockford's Clerical Directory. Retrieved 8 August 2013.
- ^ William de Langeton alias of Rotherfield Archived 22 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on 20 November 2008.
- ^ John Cardinal Thoresby. The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. Retrieved on 20 November 2008.
- ^ John Cardinal Kempe. The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. Retrieved on 20 November 2008.
- ^ Christopher Cardinal Bainbridge. The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. Retrieved on 20 November 2008.
- ^ Thomas Cardinal Wolsey. The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. Retrieved on 20 November 2008.
- ^ Fryde et al. 1986, Handbook of British Chronology, 3rd Edition, pp. 281–283.
- ^ Greenway 1999, Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300, volume 6, pp. 1–7.
- ^ Jones 1963, Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1300–1541, volume 6, pp. 3–5.
- ^ Plant, David (2002). "Episcopalians". BCW Project. Retrieved 25 April 2021.
- ^ King, Peter (July 1968). "The Episcopate during the Civil Wars, 1642–1649". The English Historical Review. Oxford University Press. 83 (328): 523–537. doi:10.1093/ehr/lxxxiii.cccxxviii.523. JSTOR 564164.
- ^ The Archbishop of York Archived 3 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine. The official website of Dr John Sentamu, Archbishop of York. Retrieved on 21 November 2008.
- ^ "Archbishop of York Dr John Sentamu to retire". BBC News. October 2018. Retrieved 2 October 2018.
- ^ "Bishop Stephen Cottrell to be the next Archbishop of York". The Church of England. Retrieved 17 December 2019.
- ^ Fryde et al. 1986, Handbook of British Chronology, 3rd Edition, pp. 283–284.
- ^ Horn & Smith 1979, Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1541–1857, volume 4, pp. 1–5.
- ^ "Former Archbishop of York retires from House of Lords".
- ^ "Retirements of Members - Hansard - UK Parliament".
- ^ "Heywood, Bernard Oliver Francis". Who's Who. ukwhoswho.com. A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ "Armstrong, Mervyn". Who's Who. ukwhoswho.com. A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ a b c "Cockin, George Eyles Irwin". Who's Who. ukwhoswho.com. A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ a b "Diocese of Owerri (Anglican Communion)".
- ^ "Wimbush, Richard Knyvet". Who's Who. ukwhoswho.com. A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
Sources
- Fryde, E. B.; Greenway, D. E.; Porter, S.; Roy, I., eds. (1986). Handbook of British Chronology (3rd, reprinted 2003 ed.). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-56350-X.
- Greenway, D. E. (1999). "Archbishops of York". Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300. Vol. 6: York. British History Online.
- Jones, B (1963). "Archbishops of York". Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1300–1541. Vol. 6: Northern Province (York, Carlise and Durham). British History Online.
- Foot, Sarah (2011). Foster, Paul; Moriarty, Rachel (eds.). The Bishops of Selsey and the creation of a Diocese in Sussex. Chichester - the Palace and Its Bishops. Otter memorial Paper. Vol. 27. Chichester: University of Chichester. ISBN 978-1-907852-03-9.
- Horn, J. M.; Smith, D. M. (1979). "Archbishops of York". Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1541–1857. Vol. 4: York Diocese. British History Online.
- Powicke, F. Maurice; Fryde, E. B., eds. (1961). Handbook of British Chronology (2nd ed.). London: Offices of the Royal Historical Society.
Further reading
- Story, Joanna (August 2012). "Bede, Willibrord and the Letters of Pope Honorius I on the Genesis of the Archbishopric of York". English Historical Review. cxxvii (527): 783–818. doi:10.1093/ehr/ces142. hdl:2381/10841.