The Human Development Index (HDI) is a comparative measure of life expectancy, literacy, education and standards of living for countries worldwide. It is a standard means of measuring well-being, especially child welfare. It is used to distinguish whether the country is a developed, a developing or an under-developed country, and also to measure the impact of economic policies on quality of life. Countries fall into four broad categories based on their HDI: very high, high, medium, and low human development. Currently, no Oceanian country falls into the low human development category while Afghanistan and Yemen are the only Asian countries which fall into this category.
The index was developed in 1990 by Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq[1] and Indian economist Amartya Sen.[2]
List
The table below presents the latest Human Development Index (HDI)[3] for countries in Asia and the Pacific as included in a Development report of united nations development programme released on 15 December 2020 and based on data collected in 2019.[4]
Countries with contiguous boundaries that are partially (but not entirely) located in Asia are shown here in italics, but HDI figures are given for the whole country. Macao, North Korea, and Taiwan in Asia, as well as Nauru and Tuvalu in Oceania are not ranked as they are not included in the latest report by the United Nations Development Programme.
List of countries in Asia and Oceania by Human Development Index | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | Nation | Human Development Index (HDI) | |||||
Region | World | HDI value (2019) | Change in HDI value 2018-19 | ||||
Very High Human Development | |||||||
1 | 4 | ![]() |
0.949 | ![]() | |||
2 | 8 | ![]() |
0.944 | ![]() | |||
3 | 11 | ![]() |
0.938 | ![]() | |||
4 | 14 | ![]() |
0.931 | ![]() | |||
5 | 19 | ![]() |
0.919 | ![]() | |||
5 | 19 | ![]() |
0.919 | ![]() | |||
7 | 23 | ![]() |
0.916 | ![]() | |||
– | – | ![]() |
0.916 [note 1] | ![]() | |||
8 | 31 | ![]() |
0.890 | ![]() | |||
9 | 33 | ![]() |
0.887 | ![]() | |||
10 | 40 | ![]() |
0.854 | ![]() | |||
11 | 42 | ![]() |
0.852 | ![]() | |||
12 | 45 | ![]() |
0.848 | ![]() | |||
13 | 47 | ![]() |
0.838 | ![]() | |||
14 | 50 | ![]() |
0.826 | ![]() | |||
15 | 51 | ![]() |
0.825 | ![]() | |||
16 | 52 | ![]() |
0.824 | ![]() | |||
17 | 54 | ![]() |
0.820 | ![]() | |||
18 | 60 | ![]() |
0.813 | ![]() | |||
19 | 61 | ![]() |
0.812 | ![]() | |||
20 | 62 | ![]() |
0.811 | ![]() | |||
21 | 64 | ![]() |
0.806 | ![]() | |||
High Human Development | |||||||
22 | 70 | ![]() |
0.783 | ![]() | |||
23 | 72 | ![]() |
0.782 | ![]() | |||
24 | 79 | ![]() |
0.777 | ![]() | |||
25 | 81 | ![]() |
0.776 | ![]() | |||
26 | 85 | ![]() |
0.761 | ![]() | |||
27 | 88 | ![]() |
0.756 | ![]() | |||
28 | 92 | ![]() |
0.744 | ![]() | |||
29 | 93 | ![]() |
0.743 | ![]() | |||
30 | 95 | ![]() |
0.740 | ![]() | |||
31 | 99 | ![]() |
0.737 | ![]() | |||
32 | 102 | ![]() |
0.729 | ![]() | |||
33 | 104 | ![]() |
0.725 | ![]() | |||
34 | 106 | ![]() |
0.720 | ![]() | |||
35 | 107 | ![]() |
0.718 | ![]() | |||
35 | 107 | ![]() |
0.718 | ![]() | |||
37 | 111 | ![]() |
0.715 | ![]() | |||
37 | 111 | ![]() |
0.715 | ![]() | |||
39 | 115 | ![]() |
0.708 | ![]() | |||
40 | 116 | ![]() |
0.707 | ![]() | |||
41 | 117 | ![]() |
0.704 | ![]() | |||
41 | 117 | ![]() |
0.704 | ![]() | |||
Medium Human Development | |||||||
43 | 120 | ![]() |
0.697 | ![]() | |||
44 | 123 | ![]() |
0.674 | ![]() | |||
45 | 125 | ![]() |
0.668 | ![]() | |||
46 | 129 | ![]() |
0.654 | ![]() | |||
47 | 131 | ![]() |
0.645 | ![]() | |||
48 | 133 | ![]() |
0.632 | ![]() | |||
49 | 134 | ![]() |
0.630 | ![]() | |||
50 | 136 | ![]() |
0.620 | ![]() | |||
51 | 137 | ![]() |
0.613 | ![]() | |||
52 | 140 | ![]() |
0.609 | ![]() | |||
53 | 141 | ![]() |
0.606 | ![]() | |||
54 | 142 | ![]() |
0.602 | ![]() | |||
55 | 144 | ![]() |
0.594 | ![]() | |||
56 | 147 | ![]() |
0.583 | ![]() | |||
57 | 151 | ![]() |
0.567 | ![]() | |||
57 | 151 | ![]() |
0.567 | ![]() | |||
59 | 154 | ![]() |
0.557 | ![]() | |||
60 | 155 | ![]() |
0.555 | ![]() | |||
Low Human Development | |||||||
61 | 169 | ![]() |
0.511 | ![]() | |||
62 | 179 | ![]() |
0.470 | ![]() |
See also
- Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
- List of Asian and Pacific countries by GDP (PPP)
- List of Asian countries by GDP
- List of Asian countries by population
- List of countries by Human Development Index
- List of countries by Human Development Index by region
- List of countries by industrial production growth rate
- List of countries by percentage of population living in poverty
Notes
- ^ In the 2018 Subnational Human Development Index (SHDI) Database, Taiwan's HDI was given as 0.880 among China's data.[5]However, from 2019 onward, Taiwan and Hong Kong are no longer included in the SHDI Database among Chinese divisions.[6] By contrast, the HDIs which published by the Statistical Bureau of Taiwan in its 2019 & 2020 reports were displayed as 0.911 in 2018, and 0.916 in 2019 respectively.[7][8] The cause of discrepancy was due to lack of available national data in the UNDP database for Taiwan. The SHDI claimed that the data collection for Taiwan was also derived from the Taiwanese Directorate General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics;[9] in this list the latter source is used as primary data.
- ^ Cyprus is geographically in Western Asia (or the Middle East), though politically and culturally it is considered as being in Europe.
- ^ Certain regions of Kazakhstan, particularly West Kazakhstan and Atyrau, are partly located in Europe.
- ^ Geographically part of Asia, though culturally and politically part of Europe. Asian Russia consists of over 75% of the country's territory, but only 22% of its population.
- ^ A portion of Turkey, known as East Thrace, is a part of Europe, making up about 3% of the country's land area and 14% of its population.
- ^ The municipality of Kazbegi is located in Europe, which makes up about 0.1% of the country's population.
- ^ Armenia is geographically in Western Asia (or the Middle East), though politically and culturally it is considered as being in Europe.
- ^ Data for China are calculated without Taiwan and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macao.
- ^ The districts of Qusar, Shabran, Siazan, Khachmaz, and Quba are geographically in Europe, placing about 5% of the population in Europe.
- ^ The portion of Egypt located in Asia is the Sinai Peninsula, comprising about 6% of the country's landmass. However, it is politically a part of Africa.
References
- ^ "History of the Human Development Report". United Nations Development Programme. Archived from the original on 3 April 2009. Retrieved 26 March 2009.
- ^ "The Human Development concept". UNDP. 2010. Archived from the original on 15 April 2012. Retrieved 29 July 2011.
- ^ "Table 1: Human Development Index and its components".
- ^ "Human Development Report 2020" (PDF). Human Development Report Office of the United Nations Development Programme. Retrieved 28 December 2020.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "GDL Area Database". Subnational Human Development Index (SHDI). Retrieved 12 March 2021.
- ^ "Human Development Indices (5.0)- China". Global Data Lab. Retrieved 9 June 2021.
- ^ "國情統計通報(第 019 號)" (PDF) (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Directorate General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics, Executive Yuan, Taiwan (ROC). 4 February 2020. Retrieved 26 January 2021.
- ^ "國情統計通報(第 014 號)" (PDF) (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Directorate General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics, Executive Yuan, Taiwan (ROC). 21 January 2021. Retrieved 26 January 2021.
- ^ Smits, J., Permanyer, I. (12 March 2019). "The Subnational Human Development Database. Sci Data 6, 190038". The Subnational Human Development Database. Retrieved 11 March 2021.
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: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)