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Olympic Games |
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This is a list of host cities of the Olympic Games, both summer and winter, since the modern Olympics began in 1896. Since then, summer and winter games have usually celebrated a four-year period known as an Olympiad; summer and winter games normally held in staggered even years. There have been 29 Summer Olympic Games held in 23 cities, and 24 Winter Olympic Games held in 21 cities. In addition, three summer and two winter editions of the games were scheduled to take place but later cancelled due to war: Berlin (summer) in 1916; Sapporo–Garmisch-Partenkirchen (winter) and Tokyo–Helsinki (summer) in 1940; and Cortina d'Ampezzo (winter) and London (summer) in 1944. The 1906 Intercalated Olympics were officially sanctioned and held in Athens. However, in 1949, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) decided to unrecognize the 1906 Games.[1][2] The 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo were postponed for the first time in the Olympics history to summer 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic with the 2022 Winter Olympics being held roughly six months later in Beijing.[3][4]
Four cities have been chosen by the IOC to host upcoming Olympic Games: Paris for the 2024 Summer Olympics, Milan–Cortina d'Ampezzo for the 2026 Winter Olympics, Los Angeles for the 2028 Summer Olympics, and Brisbane for the 2032 Summer Olympics.
In 2022, Beijing became the first city that has held both the summer and the winter Olympic Games. Ten cities will have hosted the Olympic Games more than once: Athens (1896 and 2004 Summer Olympics), Paris (1900, 1924 and 2024 Summer Olympics), London (1908, 1948 and 2012 Summer Olympics), St. Moritz (1928 and 1948 Winter Olympics), Lake Placid (1932 and 1980 Winter Olympics), Los Angeles (1932, 1984 and 2028 Summer Olympics), Cortina d'Ampezzo (1956 and 2026 Winter Olympics), Innsbruck (1964 and 1976 Winter Olympics), Tokyo (1964 and 2020 Summer Olympics) and Beijing (2008 Summer Olympics and 2022 Winter Olympics). Stockholm hosted the 1912 Summer Olympics and the equestrian portion of the 1956 Summer Olympics. London became the first city to have hosted three Games with the 2012 Summer Olympics. Paris will become the second city to do this with the 2024 Summer Olympics, followed by Los Angeles as the third in 2028.
The United States has hosted a total of eight Olympic Games, more than any other country, followed by France with five and Japan with four editions. The United Kingdom, Canada, Italy and Germany have each hosted three Games.
The Games have primarily been hosted in the regions of Europe (30 editions) and the Americas (13 editions); eight Games have been hosted in Asia and two have been hosted in Oceania. Rio de Janeiro became South America's first Olympic host city with the 2016 Summer Olympics. Africa has yet to host an Olympic Games. Other major geographic regions which have never hosted the Olympics include the Middle East, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, the South Pacific, Central America and the Caribbean. Between the first Winter Olympics in 1924 and the last ones to be held in the same year as the Summer Olympics in 1992, the Summer and Winter games took place in the same country three times.
Host cities are selected by the IOC membership, usually seven years in advance.[5] The selection process lasts approximately two years. In the first stage, any city in the world may submit an application to become a host city. After 10 months, the Executive Board of the IOC decides which applicant cities will become official candidates as based on the recommendation of a working group that reviews the applications. In a second stage, the candidate cities are investigated thoroughly by an Evaluation Commission, which then submits a final short list of cities to be considered for selection. The host city is then chosen by vote of the IOC session, a general meeting of IOC members.[6]
Olympic Games host cities
Host cities for Summer and Winter Olympic Games
- Key
† Cancelled Games § Postponed to the following year
City | Country | Year | Region | Summer | Winter | Opening ceremony |
Closing ceremony |
Ref | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Athens | ![]() |
1896 | Europe | I | 6 April 1896 | 15 April 1896 | |||
Paris | ![]() |
1900 | II | 14 May 1900 | 28 October 1900 | ||||
St. Louis[a] | ![]() |
1904 | North America | III | 1 July 1904 | 23 November 1904 | |||
London[b] | ![]() |
1908 | Europe | IV | 27 April 1908 | 31 October 1908 | |||
Stockholm | ![]() |
1912 | V | 6 July 1912 | 22 July 1912 | ||||
† | Berlin | ![]() |
1916 | Cancelled due to WWI | [10] | ||||
Antwerp[c] | ![]() |
1920 | VII | 14 August 1920 | 12 September 1920 | [11] | |||
Chamonix | ![]() |
1924 | I | 25 January 1924 | 5 February 1924 | [12] | |||
Paris | ![]() |
VIII | 5 July 1924 | 27 July 1924 | [13] | ||||
St. Moritz | ![]() |
1928 | II | 11 February 1928 | 19 February 1928 | [14] | |||
Amsterdam | ![]() |
IX | 28 July 1928 | 12 August 1928 | [15] | ||||
Lake Placid | ![]() |
1932 | North America | III | 4 February 1932 | 13 February 1932 | [16] | ||
Los Angeles | ![]() |
X | 30 July 1932 | 14 August 1932 | [17] | ||||
Garmisch-Partenkirchen | ![]() |
1936 | Europe | IV | 6 February 1936 | 16 February 1936 | [18] | ||
Berlin | ![]() |
XI | 1 August 1936 | 16 August 1936 | [19] | ||||
† | Sapporo Garmisch-Partenkirchen[d] |
![]() ![]() |
1940 | Asia Europe |
Cancelled due to WWII | [10] | |||
† | Tokyo Helsinki[e] |
![]() ![]() |
|||||||
† | Cortina d'Ampezzo | ![]() |
1944 | Europe | |||||
† | London | ![]() |
|||||||
St. Moritz | ![]() |
1948 | Europe | V | 30 January 1948 | 8 February 1948 | |||
London | ![]() |
XIV | 29 July 1948 | 14 August 1948 | |||||
Oslo | ![]() |
1952 | VI | 14 February 1952 | 25 February 1952 | ||||
Helsinki | ![]() |
XV | 19 July 1952 | 3 August 1952 | |||||
Cortina d'Ampezzo | ![]() |
1956 | VII | 26 January 1956 | 5 February 1956 | ||||
Melbourne Stockholm[f] |
![]() ![]() |
Oceania Europe |
XVI | 22 November 1956 10 June 1956 |
8 December 1956 17 June 1956 |
||||
Squaw Valley | ![]() |
1960 | North America | VIII | 18 February 1960 | 28 February 1960 | |||
Rome | ![]() |
Europe | XVII | 25 August 1960 | 11 September 1960 | ||||
Innsbruck | ![]() |
1964 | IX | 29 January 1964 | 9 February 1964 | ||||
Tokyo | ![]() |
Asia | XVIII | 10 October 1964 | 24 October 1964 | ||||
Grenoble | ![]() |
1968 | Europe | X | 6 February 1968 | 18 February 1968 | |||
Mexico City | ![]() |
North America | XIX | 12 October 1968 | 27 October 1968 | ||||
Sapporo | ![]() |
1972 | Asia | XI | 3 February 1972 | 13 February 1972 | |||
Munich | ![]() |
Europe | XX | 26 August 1972 | 11 September 1972 | ||||
Innsbruck[g] | ![]() |
1976 | XII | 4 February 1976 | 15 February 1976 | ||||
Montreal | ![]() |
North America | XXI | 17 July 1976 | 1 August 1976 | ||||
Lake Placid | ![]() |
1980 | XIII | 13 February 1980 | 24 February 1980 | ||||
Moscow | ![]() |
Europe | XXII | 19 July 1980 | 3 August 1980 | ||||
Sarajevo | ![]() |
1984 | XIV | 7 February 1984 | 19 February 1984 | ||||
Los Angeles | ![]() |
North America | XXIII | 28 July 1984 | 12 August 1984 | ||||
Calgary | ![]() |
1988 | XV | 13 February 1988 | 28 February 1988 | ||||
Seoul | ![]() |
Asia | XXIV | 17 September 1988 | 2 October 1988 | ||||
Albertville | ![]() |
1992 | Europe | XVI | 8 February 1992 | 23 February 1992 | |||
Barcelona | ![]() |
XXV | 25 July 1992 | 9 August 1992 | |||||
Lillehammer | ![]() |
1994 | XVII | 12 February 1994 | 27 February 1994 | ||||
Atlanta | ![]() |
1996 | North America | XXVI | 19 July 1996 | 4 August 1996 | |||
Nagano | ![]() |
1998 | Asia | XVIII | 7 February 1998 | 22 February 1998 | |||
Sydney | ![]() |
2000 | Oceania | XXVII | 15 September 2000 | 1 October 2000 | |||
Salt Lake City | ![]() |
2002 | North America | XIX | 8 February 2002 | 24 February 2002 | |||
Athens | ![]() |
2004 | Europe | XXVIII | 13 August 2004 | 29 August 2004 | |||
Turin | ![]() |
2006 | XX | 10 February 2006 | 26 February 2006 | ||||
Beijing[i] | ![]() |
2008 | Asia | XXIX | 8 August 2008 | 24 August 2008 | |||
Vancouver | ![]() |
2010 | North America | XXI | 12 February 2010 | 28 February 2010 | |||
London | ![]() |
2012 | Europe | XXX | 27 July 2012 | 12 August 2012 | |||
Sochi | ![]() |
2014 | XXII | 7 February 2014 | 23 February 2014 | ||||
Rio de Janeiro | ![]() |
2016 | South America | XXXI | 5 August 2016 | 21 August 2016 | |||
Pyeongchang | ![]() |
2018 | Asia | XXIII | 9 February 2018 | 25 February 2018 | |||
§ | Tokyo | ![]() |
2020 | XXXII | 23 July 2021[j] | 8 August 2021[j] | |||
Beijing | ![]() |
2022 | XXIV | 4 February 2022 | 20 February 2022 | ||||
Paris | ![]() |
2024 | Europe | XXXIII | 26 July 2024 | 11 August 2024 | |||
Milan–Cortina d'Ampezzo | ![]() |
2026 | XXV | 6 February 2026 | 22 February 2026 | ||||
Los Angeles | ![]() |
2028 | North America | XXXIV | 21 July 2028 | 6 August 2028 | |||
Brisbane | ![]() |
2032 | Oceania | XXXV | 23 July 2032 | 8 August 2032 |
- The 1906 Intercalated Games are no longer officially recognized by the IOC as an official Olympic Games.
Host cities for multiple Summer and Winter Olympic Games
Rank | City | Country | Region | Summer Olympics | Winter Olympics | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | London | ![]() |
Europe | 3 (1908, 1948, 2012) | 3 | |
Paris | ![]() |
3 (1900, 1924, 2024) | ||||
Los Angeles | ![]() |
America | 3 (1932, 1984, 2028) | |||
4 | Athens | ![]() |
Europe | 2 (1896, 2004) | 2 | |
Tokyo | ![]() |
Asia | 2 (1964, 2020) | |||
Beijing | ![]() |
1 (2008) | 1 (2022) | |||
St. Moritz | ![]() |
Europe | 2 (1928, 1948) | |||
Innsbruck | ![]() |
2 (1964, 1976) | ||||
Lake Placid | ![]() |
America | 2 (1932, 1980) | |||
Cortina d'Ampezzo | ![]() |
Europe | 2 (1956, 2026) |
Number of Olympic Games by country
Rank | First Year |
Last Year |
Country | Region | Summer Olympics |
Winter Olympics |
Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1904 | 2028 | ![]() |
North America | 5 (1904, 1932, 1984, 1996, 2028) | 4 (1932, 1960, 1980, 2002) | 9 |
2 | 1900 | 2024 | ![]() |
Europe | 3 (1900, 1924, 2024) | 3 (1924, 1968, 1992) | 6 |
3 | 1956 | 2026 | ![]() |
1 (1960) | 3 ( |
4 | |
1964 | 2020 | ![]() |
Asia | 2 ( |
2 ( | ||
5 | 1956 | 2032 | ![]() |
Oceania | 3 (1956, 2000, 2032) | 3 | |
1908 | 2012 | ![]() |
Europe | 3 (1908, |
|||
1976 | 2010 | ![]() |
North America | 1 (1976) | 2 (1988, 2010) | ||
1936 | 1972 | ![]() |
Europe | 2 ( |
1 (1936, | ||
9 | 2008 | 2022 | ![]() |
Asia | 1 (2008) | 1 (2022) | 2 |
1988 | 2018 | ![]() |
1 (1988) | 1 (2018) | |||
1980 | 2014 | ![]() |
Europe | 1 (1980) | 1 (2014) | ||
1896 | 2004 | ![]() |
2 (1896, 2004) | ||||
1952 | 1994 | ![]() |
2 (1952, 1994) | ||||
1964 | 1976 | ![]() |
2 (1964, 1976) | ||||
1928 | 1948 | ![]() |
2 (1928, | ||||
16 | 2016 | 2016 | ![]() |
South America | 1 (2016) | 1 | |
1992 | 1992 | ![]() |
Europe | 1 (1992) | |||
1984 | 1984 | ![]() |
1 (1984) | ||||
1968 | 1968 | ![]() |
North America | 1 (1968) | |||
1952 | 1952 | ![]() |
Europe | 1 ( |
|||
1928 | 1928 | ![]() |
1 (1928) | ||||
1920 | 1920 | ![]() |
1 (1920) | ||||
1912 | 1912 | ![]() |
1 (1912) |
Number of Olympic Games by region
Rank | First
year |
Last
year |
Region | Summer
Olympics |
Winter
Olympics |
Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1896 | 2026 | Europe | 17 (1896, 1900, 1908, 1912, |
15 (1924, 1928, 1936, |
32 |
2 | 1904 | 2028 | Americas | 1904, 1932, 1968, 1976, 1984, 1996, 2016, 2028) | 8 (1932, 1960, 1980, 1988, 2002, 2010) | 6 (14 |
3 | 1964 | 2022 | Asia | 8 | ||
4 | 1956 | 2032 | Oceania | 1956, 2000, 2032) | 3 (3 | |
5 | Africa | 0 |
Notes
- ^ Originally awarded to Chicago, but moved to St. Louis to coincide with the World's Fair.[7][8]
- ^ The 1908 Olympics were originally given to Rome, but were moved to London when Mount Vesuvius erupted.[9]
- ^ The sailing events in 1920 were held in Ostend, Belgium and in Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- ^ The 1940 Winter Olympics were originally awarded to Sapporo, Japan, but the launch of the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937 caused them to be relocated to Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Nazi Germany, before being cancelled in 1939 because of the expansion of World War II.
- ^ The 1940 Summer Olympics were originally awarded to Tokyo, Japan, but the launch of the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937 caused them to be relocated Helsinki, Finland, before being cancelled in 1939 because of the expansion of World War II.
- ^ Equestrian events were held in Stockholm, Sweden. Stockholm had to bid for the equestrian competition separately; it received its own Olympic flame and had its own formal invitations and opening and closing ceremonies, just like the regular Summer Olympics.[20]
- ^ The 1976 Winter Olympics were originally awarded to Denver, Colorado, United States in 1970, but in 1972, after a referendum, Denver voluntarily gave up its right, citing environmental concerns for the Colorado area. The IOC eventually decided to relocate those games to Innsbruck, Austria.
- ^ a b c d e Russia (like the former Soviet Union) spans the continents of Europe and Asia. However, the Russian Olympic Committee is part of the European Olympic Committees and has its official seat in Moscow (this was also the case for the former Soviet Olympic Committee). Also, Moscow is on the European side of the most commonly recognized boundary between Europe and Asia (Sochi is in Asia per the usual geographic boundary, being just south of the Greater Caucasus' western end; but political approximations of the continental boundary place it in Europe).
- ^ Equestrian events were held in China's Hong Kong SAR.[21] Although Hong Kong's separate NOC conducted the equestrian competition, it was an integral part of the Beijing Games (unlike the 1956 Stockholm equestrian competition, it was not conducted under a separate Hong Kong bid, separate flame, etc.).[22]
- ^ a b The 2020 Summer Olympics were originally scheduled for 24 July to 9 August 2020, but were rescheduled to 2021 by 12 months due to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the event is still referred to as the 2020 Summer Olympics to preserve the 4-year Olympiad cycle.[3]
References
- ^ Findling, John E.; Pelle, Kimberly D. (2004). Encyclopedia of the Modern Olympic Movement. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 41. ISBN 978-0-313-32278-5.
- ^ Karl Lennartz. "The 2nd International Olympic Games In Athens 1906" (PDF). Journal of Olympic History. No. Dec. 2001–Jan. 2002. Retrieved 26 May 2019.
- ^ a b "IOC, IPC, Tokyo 2020 Organising Committee and Tokyo Metropolitan Government Announce New Dates for the Olympic and Paralympic Games Tokyo 2020". olympic.org. 2020-03-30. Archived from the original on 30 March 2020. Retrieved 2020-03-30.
- ^ "Tokyo 2020: Olympic Games organisers 'agree postponement'". BBC Sport. 24 March 2020. Archived from the original on 24 March 2020. Retrieved 24 March 2020.
- ^ Group, Taylor Francis (2003). The Europa World Yearbook. Taylor and Francis Group. p. 247. ISBN 978-1-85743-227-5.
- ^ "Choice of the Host City". olympic.org. International Olympic Committee. Retrieved 2009-06-04.
- ^ "St Louis 1904". International Olympic Committee. Retrieved 29 July 2008.
- ^ "St. Louis gets Olympic Games; International Committee Sanctions the Change for the World's Fair in 1904" (PDF). The New York Times. No. 12 February 1903. Retrieved 29 July 2008.
- ^ "Rome Games moved to London". realclearsports.com. 2008. Archived from the original on 9 May 2015. Retrieved 23 January 2011.
- ^ a b Durántez, Conrado (April–May 1997). "The Olympic Movement, a twentieth-century phenomenon" (PDF). Olympic Review. XXVI (14): 56–57.
- ^ "Antwerp 1920". olympic.org. Retrieved 23 January 2011.
- ^ "Chamonix 1924". olympic.org. Retrieved 23 January 2011.
- ^ "Paris 1924". olympic.org. Retrieved 23 January 2011.
- ^ "St. Moritz 1928". olympic.org. Retrieved 23 January 2011.
- ^ "Amsterdam 1928". olympic.org. Retrieved 23 January 2011.
- ^ "Lake Placid 1932". olympic.org. Retrieved 23 January 2011.
- ^ "Los Angeles 1932". olympic.org. Retrieved 23 January 2011.
- ^ "Garmisch-Partenkirchen 1936". olympic.org. Retrieved 23 January 2011.
- ^ "Berlin 1936". olympic.org. Retrieved 23 January 2011.
- ^ "Stockholm/Melbourne 1956". Swedish Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 9 October 2008. Retrieved 1 August 2008.
- ^ Tim Pile. "Hong Kong saddles up for the Olympics". The Daily Telegraph. No. 25 June 2008. London. Retrieved 29 July 2008.
- ^ "2008 Beijing Olympic home page". International Olympic Committee. Retrieved 4 May 2008.
External links
- "The Olympic Games". olympic.org. International Olympic Committee. Retrieved 2009-06-05.