C-295 | |
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A Polish Air Force C-295M | |
Role | Military transport aircraft |
Manufacturer | CASA EADS CASA Airbus Defence and Space Indonesian Aerospace Tata Advanced Systems |
First flight | 28 November 1997 |
Introduction | 2001[1] |
Status | In service |
Primary users | Egyptian Air Force Polish Air Force Royal Canadian Air Force Spanish Air Force |
Produced | 1997–present |
Number built | 192[2] |
Developed from | CASA/IPTN CN-235 |
The CASA C-295 (now Airbus C295) is a medium tactical transport aircraft that was designed by the Spanish company CASA in the 1990s as a development of the CASA/IPTN CN-235. When CASA was incorporated into the European aeronautical group EADS in 2000, the aircraft was designated as the EADS CASA C-295. It made its first flight on 28 November 1997 and entered service with the Spanish Air Force in 2001.
The C-295 is capable of performing a wide variety of missions effectively: tactical and logistical transport, parachute and cargo drop, medical evacuation, and maritime patrol.
Given the failure of the CN-235 in the commercial aviation segment, although it obtained civil certification to be employed by government agencies, a commercial version of this aircraft was not initially launched. It was not until 2017, many years after the military versions entered service, that it obtained its first contract in this sector.
It has been acquired by various nations such as Spain, Egypt, Poland, Canada, Brazil, Mexico, and Portugal, and it has participated in numerous international operations, including those in the former Yugoslavia, Afghanistan, Iraq, Lebanon, and Chad.
Design and development
![](https://web.archive.org/web/20220626114851im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Portuguese_Air_Force_C-295_arrives_RIAT_Fairford_10thJuly2014_arp.jpg/220px-Portuguese_Air_Force_C-295_arrives_RIAT_Fairford_10thJuly2014_arp.jpg)
The C-295 is manufactured and assembled in the Airbus Defence and Space facilities in San Pablo Airport, located in Seville, Spain. It is a development of the Spanish–Indonesian transport aircraft CASA/IPTN CN-235, but with a stretched fuselage, 50% more payload capability and new Pratt & Whitney Canada PW127G turboprop engines.
CASA began development of the C-295 in November 1996, and the first prototype made its maiden flight on 28 November 1997.[1] The first order for the C-295, from the Spanish Air Force for nine aircraft, was announced in April 1999. It was certificated as airworthy by the Spanish Dirección General de Aviación Civil and the American Federal Aviation Administration in December 1999. Deliveries to the Spanish Air Force began in November 2001.[1]
In 2012, Airbus Military announced several enhancements to the base C-295 design, changes included the adoption of winglets and an ability to carry the Marte anti-ship missile; a dedicated airborne early warning and control variant was also planned.[3] In November 2015, a C-295 successfully demonstrated a new self-protection suite, which incorporated elements such as directional infrared countermeasures from Elbit Systems and infrared passive airborne warning system.[4] In January 2016, Airbus was in the process of developing a new probe-and-drogue aerial refuelling rig to be optionally installed in the centerline of the C295 for the aerial refuelling of combat helicopters. Initial 'dry' flight tests are scheduled later in the year. Airbus is also performing flap optimisations and other modifications upon the type for extremely short takeoff and landing capabilities.[5]
The C-295's main competitor is the C-27J Spartan, manufactured initially by Alenia Aeronautica (2006-2012) and Alenia Aermacchi (2012-2016) and now by Leonardo S.p.A.[6] The C-295 was a major bidder for the US Army–US Air Force Joint Cargo Aircraft (JCA) programme but lost to the L-3 Communications/Alenia team for the C-27J in June 2007.[7] The C-295 was considered a higher risk by the US Army due to its use of a new operational mode to meet altitude and range requirements.[8] Among other contracts the C-295 lost to the C-27J are the Peruvian Air Force's Antonov An-32s' replacement and the Royal Australian Air Force's retired de Havilland Canada DHC-4 Caribous' replacement.
The C-295 MPA was a candidate to replace the German Navy's P-3C, at least as a stopgap solution from 2025 to 2032.[9] A combined order with Spain had been suggested.[10] But Germany ordered five P-8 Poseidons in 2021.[11]
Variants
![](https://web.archive.org/web/20220626114851im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/EADS_CASA_C-295_AEW.jpg/220px-EADS_CASA_C-295_AEW.jpg)
![](https://web.archive.org/web/20220626114851im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/C295_Armed_ISR.jpg/220px-C295_Armed_ISR.jpg)
![](https://web.archive.org/web/20220626114851im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/EC-296_%2814498385819%29.jpg/220px-EC-296_%2814498385819%29.jpg)
- C-295M
Military transport version. Capacity for 71 troops, 48 paratroops, 27 stretchers, five 2.24 × 2.74 m (88 × 108 inches) pallets, or three light vehicles.[1]
- CN-295
Variant produced by Indonesian Aerospace under license in Bandung, Indonesia.[12] Since 2011, Indonesian Aerospace has an industrial collaboration with Airbus Defence & Space for the CN-295 program.[12]
- C-295 MPA/Persuader
Maritime patrol/anti-submarine warfare version. Provision for six hardpoints.[1]
- C-295 AEW&C
Prototype airborne early warning and control version with EL/W-2090 360 degree radar dome. The AESA radar was developed by Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) and has an integrated IFF (Identification friend or foe) system.[13] [14]
- C-295 Firefighter
Dedicated aerial firefighting aircraft.[15]
- CC-295 Kingfisher
Dedicated search and rescue aircraft for the Royal Canadian Air Force based on C-295W.[16][17][18]
- C-295 SIGINT
- Dedicated signals intelligence version.[19]
- C-295W
This variant is equipped with wingtip devices (winglets), which allows it to improve its performance in the takeoff, climb and cruise flight phases, by increasing the lift-drag ratio.[20][21]
- C-295 ISR
This variant is equipped with machine guns, small-caliber automatic cannons, rocket launchers, laser-guided bombs, and anti-tank missiles.[22][23]
- AC-295 Gunship
Gunship version developed by Airbus Defence and Space, Orbital ATK, and the King Abdullah II Design and Development Bureau, based on the AC-235 Light Gunship configuration.[24][25]
- KC-295
- Dedicated tanker aircraft.[26]
Operators
The C-295 is in service with the armed forces of 15 countries. As of 31 August 2015, 136 C-295s have been ordered with 134 in service and two lost in accidents.[27]
- The Algerian Air Force received six C-295s for transport and maritime patrol.[28] One lost in an accident.[29]
- The Angolan Air Force ordered two C-295s for maritime patrol duties and one for transport.[30][31]
![](https://web.archive.org/web/20220626114851im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Bangladesh_Army_Aviation_Group_CN-295W_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Bangladesh_Army_Aviation_Group_CN-295W_%28cropped%29.jpg)
- The Bangladesh Army Aviation Group of Bangladesh Army operates one C-295W for tactical transport.[32][33]
- The Brazilian Air Force received 13 C-295s, designated C-105A Amazonas, to replace their ageing DHC-5/C-115 Buffalo transports. Additional orders are to raise the total to 15 by 2020.[28][34][35]
- The Burkina Faso Air Force has taken delivery of one C-295, registration XT-MBH, as of 16 November 2021.[36]
- The Royal Canadian Air Force ordered 16 CC-295s in 2016 to replace its ageing fleet of CC-115 Buffalo and older-model C-130H Hercules search and rescue aircraft.[37][38] They are to be operated from Greenwood, Nova Scotia (413 Transport and Rescue Squadron); Trenton, Ontario (424 Transport and Rescue Squadron); Winnipeg, Manitoba (435 Transport and Rescue Squadron), and Comox, British Columbia (442 Transport and Rescue Squadron and 418 Search and Rescue Operational Training Squadron). The aircraft will be primarily operated at CFB Comox, where Airbus set up an RCAF Search & Rescue Training Facility for the CC-295.[39] The first aircraft arrived in Canada in September 2020.[37] Another aircraft which had arrived in January 2020 is a trainer for the maintenance personnel not included in the 16 aircraft ordered.[40]
- The Chilean Navy operates three C-295 MPAs.[citation needed]
- The Colombian Air Force operates six C-295s; the last of the original four was delivered in April 2009. The fifth aircraft was ordered in September 2012 and delivered 14 March 2013.[27] The sixth aircraft was ordered in January 2013, entering service before 31 August 2015.[27]
- The Czech Air Force ordered four C-295 which replaced their Antonov An-26s, with all having been delivered in 2010. They are based at Kbely Air Force Base.[41] Two more were ordered in 2017.[42]
- The Ecuadorian Air Force operates three aircraft.[27]
- The Egyptian Air Force operates 24 C-295s as of August 2018.[43] Three aircraft were initially ordered for tactical and logistical transport.[44] The first delivery was on 24 September 2011.[45] In January 2013 a follow-on order was signed for six more aircraft[46] and a further eight was ordered on 16 July 2014.[47]
- Equatorial Guinea Air Force – Two (one transport and one surveillance) aircraft on order for delivery from September 2016.[48]
- The Finnish Air Force operates three C-295s.[49] There is an option for four more additional aircraft.[28]
- The Ghanaian Air Force operates two C-295s and has ordered a third one.[50]
- India has ordered 56 C-295Ws for the Indian Air Force, with an additional 6 units for the Indian Coast Guard.[51] In September 2021, the purchase of the 56 units for the Indian Air Force was cleared by the Cabinet Committee on Security. 16 units are to be delivered in flyaway condition from Spain within 48 months of the contract-signing, and 40 aircraft are to be manufactured in India by Tata Advanced Systems Limited within 10 years of the contract-signing.[52][53]
- The Indonesian Air Force operates eight C-295s for tactical and logistical transport. One C-295 is on order as of August 2015.[27] Three planes will be assembled in Indonesia by Indonesian Aerospace (Indonesian: PT Dirgantara Indonesia), the same company which built the CN-235s, the C-295's predecessor.[54] The first two aircraft were delivered in September 2012.[55][56] The C-295s replaced the older Fokker F27s.
- The Indonesian National Police operates one CN-295 for personnel and logistical transport.[57]
- The Irish Air Corps ordered two C295 Maritime Patrol Aircraft in December 2019 to replace their CN-235 aircraft.[58]
- The Air Force of Ivory Coast ordered a C-295 from Airbus Defence and Space on 21 January 2019.[59]
- The Royal Jordanian Air Force operates three C-295s and has another one on order as of August 2015.[27][28]
![](https://web.archive.org/web/20220626114851im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/CASA_C-295M_Kazakhstan_Air_Force_093.jpg/220px-CASA_C-295M_Kazakhstan_Air_Force_093.jpg)
- The Kazakh Air Force operates eight C-295s. In March 2019, Kazakhstan awarded Airbus a contract to produce a ninth C-295 for the Kazakh Air Force.[60]
- Air Force of Mali – one C-295W ordered in February 2016, delivered in December 2016.[61][62]
- The Mexican Air Force operates eight C-295Ms. They operate in the 301st Squadron, based in Santa Lucia AFB.[citation needed]
- The Mexican Navy operates four C-295Ms & two C-295Ws. They are based at the Tapachula Air Naval Base.[citation needed]
- The Royal Air Force of Oman operates six C-295s and has two on order as of August 2015.[27]
- The Philippine Air Force operates 4 C-295Ms[63][64] and has 3 C-295Ws on order.[65]
![](https://web.archive.org/web/20220626114851im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/CASA_C-295_of_Polish_Air_Force%2C_Radom_AirShow_2005%2C_Poland.jpg/220px-CASA_C-295_of_Polish_Air_Force%2C_Radom_AirShow_2005%2C_Poland.jpg)
- The Polish Air Force has received 17 C-295s that replaced their Antonov An-26s. One aircraft crashed on 23 January 2008, the other 16 are in service at Kraków-Balice Air Base. Poland was the first foreign customer, ordering eight planes in 2001, two each in 2006 and 2007, with delivery from 2003 to 2008.[66] In June 2012, another five aircraft were ordered,[67] two delivered in October 2012, third in December 2012, and final two units on 2 November 2013.[68]
- The Portuguese Air Force received 12 C-295s, including seven transport (PG01) and five Persuader Maritime Patrol Aircraft (C-295 MPA, three PG02 and two PG03),[69][70] to replace the C-212 Aviocar. They are operated by 502 Squadron and are based at Montijo Air Base, near Lisbon.[28]
- The Ministry of Interior has ordered four C-295Ws in June 2015.[71]
- The Serbian Air Force and Air Defence has ordered two C-295s in 2021.[72][73][74]
- The Spanish Air Force operates 13 C-295s (designated internally T.21).[citation needed]
- The Royal Thai Army operates two C-295Ws.[27]
- The United Arab Emirates Air Force ordered five C-295Ws.[75][76][77]
- The Uzbekistan Air and Air Defence Forces ordered four C-295Ws.[78]
- The Vietnam People's Air Force operates three C-295 aircraft.[27]
Accidents and notable incidents
- In the Mirosławiec air accident on 23 January 2008, a Polish Air Force C-295 flying from Warsaw via Powidz and Krzesiny to Mirosławiec crashed during its approach to the 12th Air Base near Mirosławiec.[79] All 20 people on board were killed in the accident.[80] All Polish C-295s were grounded after the incident.[81] Polish defence minister Bogdan Klich dismissed five air force personnel after the accident investigation, which concluded that multiple failings contributed to 23 January crash.[82]
- On 31 October 2011, the Czech Army grounded its fleet of four C-295Ms due to an in-flight equipment failure onboard one aircraft. While landing, one of its two engines stopped working. Prior to this, a cockpit display and other equipment had also failed. The plane landed safely on its remaining engine. General Vlastimil Picek ordered the grounding of all aircraft until an inquiry ended. The fleet was previously grounded in February 2011, following a severe drop in altitude in mid-flight, and again in May due to avionics problems.[83]
- On 9 November 2012, an Algerian Air Force C-295 crashed in the Lozère region of southern France while flying from Paris to Algeria with the loss of all six people on board.[84]
Specifications (C-295M)
![](https://web.archive.org/web/20220626114851im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Polish_CASA-295M_%2820%29.jpg/220px-Polish_CASA-295M_%2820%29.jpg)
Data from Jane's All the World's Aircraft 2004-05[85]
General characteristics
- Crew: 2
- Capacity: 73 troops / 48 paratroops / 12 stretcher intensive care medevac / 27 stretcher medevac with 4 medical attendants
- Maximum payload: 7,050 kg (15,543 lb) normal
- 9,250 kg (20,393 lb) overload
- Length: 24.46 m (80 ft 3 in)
- Wingspan: 25.81 m (84 ft 8 in)
- Height: 8.66 m (28 ft 5 in)
- Wing area: 59 m2 (640 sq ft)
- Airfoil: NACA 65-218[86]
- Max takeoff weight: 21,000 kg (46,297 lb) normal
- 23,200 kg (51,147 lb) overload
- Maximum landing weight: 20,700 kg (45,636 lb) normal
- 23,200 kg (51,147 lb) overload
- Maximum zero-fuel weight: 18,500 kg (40,786 lb) normal
- 20,700 kg (45,636 lb) overload
- Fuel capacity: 7,650 l (2,020 US gal; 1,680 imp gal) with optional in-flight refuelling probe
- Powerplant: 2 × Pratt & Whitney Canada PW127G turboprop engines, 1,972 kW (2,644 hp) each for take-off (normal)
- 2,177 kW (2,919 hp) with APR
- Propellers: 6-bladed Hamilton Sundstrand HS-568F-5, 3.94 m (12 ft 11 in) diameter composite propellers with auto-feathering and synchro-phasing
Performance
- Cruise speed: 482 km/h (300 mph, 260 kn) at optimum altitude
- Range: 1,555 km (966 mi, 840 nmi) normal payload, ISA, 45 minutes reserve at 460 m (1,509 ft)
- 1,277 km (793 mi; 690 nmi) max overload payload
- 4,587 km (2,850 mi; 2,477 nmi) normal MTOW, max fuel with 2,940 kg (6,482 lb) payload
- 2,148 km (1,335 mi; 1,160 nmi) overload MTOW, max fuel with 8,000 kg (17,637 lb) payload
- Ferry range: 5,000 km (3,100 mi, 2,700 nmi)
- Service ceiling: 4,125 m (13,533 ft) on one engine
- Absolute ceiling: 9,145 m (30,003 ft)
- g limits: +2.53 (normal MTOW)
- +2.25 (overload MTOW)
- Time to altitude: to optimum cruising altitude 12 minutes
- Power/mass: 0.188 kW/kg (0.114 hp/lb) normal
- 0.17 kW/kg (0.10 hp/lb) overload
- 0.17 kW/kg (0.10 hp/lb) overload
- Take-off run: 844 m (2,769 ft) Sea level, ISA
- 934 m (3,064 ft) Sea level, ISA + 20
- Take-off distance to 15 m (49 ft): 1,025 m (3,363 ft) Sea level, ISA
- 1,103 m (3,619 ft) Sea level, ISA + 20
- Landing run: 420 m (1,378 ft)
- Landing distance from 15 m (49 ft): 729 m (2,392 ft)
Armament
- Hardpoints: 6 (optional: three under each wing) with a capacity of inboard pylons 800 kg (1,764 lb); centre pylons 500 kg (1,102 lb); outboard pylons 300 kg (661 lb)
Avionics
Honeywell RDR-1400C weather radar
- IFR instrumentation, comms and FMS as specified by customers
See also
Related development
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
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- ^ "Polish air force dismisses five personnel following C-295 crash report". Flight Global. 14 April 2008. Archived from the original on 2 March 2009. Retrieved 8 July 2008.
- ^ "Czech planes grounded for 3rd time this year". DefenceNews, 31 October 2011. Agence France-Presse
- ^ Investigation launched after Algerian C295 crashes in France. FlightGlobal, 12 November 2012
- ^ Jackson, Paul, ed. (2004). Jane's All the World's Aircraft 2004-05 (95th ed.). London: Jane's Publishing Group. pp. 477–478. ISBN 0-7106-2614-2.
- ^ Lednicer, David. "The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage". m-selig.ae.illinois.edu. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
- Jackson, Paul, ed. (2003). Jane's All The World's Aircraft 2003–2004. Coulsdon, UK: Jane's Information Group. ISBN 0-7106-2537-5.
- Munson, Kenneth (November 2008). "Andalusian Airlifter – CASA C-295". Air International. Vol. 75, no. 5. pp. 32–37.
Further reading
- Rebelo, Colonel PILAV Hélder Martins; Rocha, Major NAV Rui; Martins, Major NAV Vítor Lazera (November–December 2012). "ISR – A exploração integrada dos sistemas de armas C-295M e P-3C/CUP+" [ISR – The integrated exploration of the C-295M and P-3C/CUP+ weapon systems] (PDF). Mais Alto (in Portuguese) (400): 5–16. Retrieved 21 July 2013.
External links
- C295 maritime patrol aircraft (Naval technology)
- Maritime Patrol Aircraft400005/0/52/434520.pdf EADS product sheet (PDF)[permanent dead link]
- C-295M twin turboprop transport aircraft, Spain
- Spanish Air Force P-3B modernisation (PDF)
- Team JCA's C-295/CN-235 Transport Aircraft Fleet Completes 1 Million Flights
- Team JCA's C-295 Advances to Phase II Evaluation for Joint Cargo Aircraft Program.
- Military Services Competing For Future Airlift Missions