Developer(s) | |
---|---|
Initial release | May 26, 2011 September 11, 2015 (as Android Pay) January 8, 2018 (as Google Pay) | (as Google Wallet)
Stable release(s) | |
Operating system | Android 5 or later Wear OS 2 or later |
Platform | |
License | Proprietary |
Website | developers.google.com/pay |
Google Pay (formerly Android Pay) is a mobile payment service developed by Google to power in-app, online, and in-person contactless purchases on mobile devices, enabling users to make payments with Android phones, tablets, or watches. Users can authenticate via a PIN, passcode, or biometrics such as 3D face scanning or fingerprint recognition.[1]
As of 2021, it is currently available in 42 countries.[2] In 2022, a companion app named Google Wallet was released.
Service
Google Pay uses near-field communication (NFC) to transmit card information facilitating funds transfer to the retailer. It replaces the credit or debit card chip and PIN or magnetic stripe transaction at point-of-sale terminals by allowing the user to upload these in Google Wallet. It is similar to contactless payments already used in many countries, with the addition of two-factor authentication. The service lets Android devices wirelessly communicate with point of sale systems using a near field communication (NFC) antenna and host-based card emulation (HCE).
When the user makes a payment to a merchant, Google Pay does not send the actual payment card number. Instead, it generates a virtual account number representing the user's account information.[3]
Google Pay requires that a screen lock be set on the phone or watch.[4] It has no card limit.[5][6][7]
Users can add payment cards to the service by taking a photo of the card, or by entering the card information manually. To pay at points of sale, users hold their authenticated device to the point of sale system. The service has smart-authentication, allowing the system to detect when the device is considered secure (for instance if unlocked in the last five minutes) and challenge if necessary for unlock information.[8]
Technology
Google Pay uses the EMV Payment Tokenisation Specification.[9]
The service keeps customer payment information private from the retailer by replacing the customer's credit or debit card Funding Primary Account Number (FPAN) with a tokenized Device Primary Account Number (DPAN) and creates a "dynamic security code [...] generated for each transaction". The "dynamic security code" is the cryptogram in an EMV-mode transaction, and the Dynamic Card Verification Value (dCVV) in a magnetic-stripe-data emulation-mode transaction. Users can also remotely halt the service on a lost phone via Google's Find My Device service.
To pay at points of sale, users hold their authenticated Android device to the point-of-sale system's NFC reader. Android users authenticate unlocking their phone by using biometrics, a pattern, or a passcode, whereas Wear OS users authenticate by opening the app prior to payment.[10]
Consumer Device Cardholder Verification Method (CDCVM)
In EMV-mode transactions, Google Pay supports the use of the Consumer Device Cardholder Verification Method (CDCVM) using biometrics, pattern, or the phone's or watch's passcode. The use of CDCVM allows the device itself to provide verification for the transaction and may not require the cardholder to sign a receipt or enter their PIN. Additionally, in certain markets which have a "no verification contactless limit" using contactless cards (such as the £100 limit in the United Kingdom and the CA$100 limit in Canada), the use of CDCVM can enable merchants to accept transactions higher than these amounts using Google Pay, provided that their terminal software is updated to support the latest network contactless specifications.[11][12]
History
Originally launched as Android Pay, the service was released at Google I/O 2015. Android Pay was a successor to and built on the base established by Google Wallet which was released in 2011.[13] It also used technology from the carrier-backed Softcard—Google had acquired its intellectual property in February 2015.[3][14] At launch, the service was compatible with 70% of Android devices and was accepted at over 700,000 merchants.[3] The old Google Wallet still powered web-based Play Store purchases and some app-based peer-to-peer payments.[3]
In 2016, Google began a public trial in Silicon Valley of a related mobile app called Hands Free. In this system, the customer does not need to present a phone or card. Instead, a customer announces that they wish to "pay with Google" and give their initials to the cashier, who verifies their identity with a photo previously uploaded to the system. The customer's phone will only authorize payment if its geographic location system indicates that it is near a participating store.[15][16]
On September 18, 2017, Google launched a payments app in India known as Tez, utilizing the Unified Payments Interface (UPI).[17] On August 28, 2018, Google rebranded Tez to Google Pay.[18]
Android Pay and Google Wallet become Google Pay
On January 8, 2018, Google announced that Google Wallet would be merged into Android Pay, with the service as a whole rebranded as Google Pay.[19][20] This merger extends the platform into web-based payments integrated into other Google and third-party services. It also took over the branding of Google Chrome's autofill feature.[21] Google Pay adopts the features of both Android Pay and Google Wallet through its in-store, peer-to-peer, and online payments services.[22][19]
The rebranding began to roll out as an update to the Android Pay app on February 20, 2018; the app was given an updated design and now displays a personalized list of nearby stores that support Google Pay.[23][24][25] The rebranded service provided a new API that allows merchants to add the payment service to websites, apps, Stripe, Braintree, and Google Assistant.[26] The service allows users to use the payment cards they have on file in their Google Account.[27]
International deployment
Upon its UK launch,[when?] Android Pay supported Mastercard, Visa, and debit cards from many of the UK's major financial institutions – including Bank of Scotland, First Direct, Halifax, HSBC, Lloyds Bank, M&S Bank, MBNA and Nationwide Building Society – "with new banks being added all the time", according to Google.[citation needed] Natwest, RBS and Ulster Bank launched on September 14, 2016. On September 8, 2016 it was reported that UK banks TSB and Santander would be participating in the following weeks.[28] Android Pay was launched in Singapore on June 28, 2016[29] and in Australia on July 14, 2016.[30][31]
Android Pay launched in the Republic of Ireland on December 7, 2016 and was initially available to customers of AIB and KBC, having since been extended to Bank of Ireland and Ulster Bank. The service works with both credit and debit cards.[32]
On December 21, 2018, Google Payment obtained an e-money license in Lithuania – the license will enable Google to process payments, issue e-money, and handle electronic money wallets in the EU.[33][34]
On November 17, 2020, Google Pay was enabled by Mastercard in ten new European countries: Austria, Bulgaria, Estonia, Greece, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Portugal, and Romania.[35] Cardholders of participating Mastercard partner banks for these countries will be able to use the Google Pay service through their respective mobile banking apps. The Google Pay app won't be available for download, as stated by Google in Google Pay Help page.[36]
On May 18, 2021, Google announced that it would expand Google Pay for Wear OS to be available in 26 more countries that Google Pay for Android had previously had exclusivity in.[37]
On June 30, 2022, it was announced at the Google for Mexico event that Google Pay & the Google Wallet app would soon be available in Mexico.[38]
2020 redesign
On November 18, 2020, Google introduced a redesign of the app in the United States. It functions as an expansion of the Singaporean and Indian versions of the app, which were based on Tez. The companion app is different from the core Google Wallet app in that it contains messaging capabilities, an "Explore" tab for viewing and redeeming personalized offers (including discounts and cashback rewards) and searching Google Shopping by barcode, "Get gas" and "Order food" buttons that can integrate with participating filling stations and restaurants, the ability to integrate with banks to track financial status from the new "Insights" tab. Users can search their transaction history, and can scan receipts with OCR using their device's camera, or through Gmail messages and Google Photos, to add them to their records. Google is also introducing a platform known as "Plex", which will allow online banks to offer checking and savings accounts directly through the app.[39] The GPay companion app uses phone numbers for authentication rather than Google accounts, and contacts cannot be imported from the previous app. Google abandoned its plans for Plex in September 2021.[40]
The new version of Google Pay replaced the Tez app on the Play Store, with the existing Google Pay app deprecated and discontinued in the United States and peer-to-peer payment functionality removed from the existing app and website on April 5, 2021.[41] However, the 2018 Google Pay app continued to co-exist as a separate, pre-installed app on Android smartphones.[42] On May 11, 2022, Google announced the Google Wallet companion app during the 2022 Google I/O keynote,[43] which later replaced the 2018 Google Pay app while co-existing with the 2020 GPay one when it was launched on July 18, 2022.[44]
Ecosystem
Google Pay has a passes feature, which exists in a larger ecosystem. They are presented in the bottom half of the app and can be sorted manually. Developers must first be granted access to the Google Pay API for Passes before they can author such items.[45]
In its simplest form, an interaction (or transaction) between a pass and a system is facilitated by a 1D or 2D code, although it requires the customer to initiate the activity. Passes can also contain nothing but plain text or an image.
More advanced passes would be ones that incorporate NFC technology to convey. Walgreens enabled this first with their Balance Rewards loyalty program in 2015; customers can add their card to Google Pay and be able to tap their phone to the terminal when prompted for their rewards card.[46] Since then, more businesses have found uses for these types of passes, like with contactless ticketing at sports venues[47][48] and Dave & Buster's Power Cards.[49]
In addition to retailer-specific passes, Google Pay also supports contactless student IDs that can be added through the Transact eAccounts and CBORD GET Mobile applications, as well as transit tickets and passes such as the Las Vegas Monorail and Portland Tri-Met's Hop Fastpass.[50][51][52]
Availability
Supported countries
Google Pay is currently available in 42 countries worldwide.
Release date | Support for payment cards issued in | Flutter version | Wear OS support[54] | iOS support[55][56] |
---|---|---|---|---|
September 11, 2015 | United States | |||
May 18, 2016[57] | United Kingdom | |||
June 27, 2016[58] | Singapore | |||
July 13, 2016[59] | Australia | |||
October 20, 2016[60][61][62] | Hong Kong | |||
November 17, 2016[63] | Poland | |||
December 1, 2016[64][62] | New Zealand | |||
December 7, 2016[65][62] | Ireland | |||
December 13, 2016[66] | Japan | |||
March 7, 2017[67][62] | Belgium | |||
May 23, 2017[68][69][70] | Russia (suspended)[a] | |||
May 31, 2017[72] | Canada | |||
June 1, 2017[73][62] | Taiwan | |||
July 26, 2017[74] | Spain | |||
November 1, 2017[75][62] | Ukraine | |||
November 14, 2017[76][77][62] | Brazil | |||
Czech Republic | ||||
February 28, 2018[78][79][62] | Slovakia | |||
June 26, 2018[80][81] | Germany | |||
July 31, 2018[82][83][84][62] | Croatia | |||
August 28, 2018[18] | India[b] | |||
September 19, 2018[85][86][87][88] | Italy | |||
October 30, 2018[89][62] | Denmark | |||
Finland | ||||
Norway | ||||
Sweden | ||||
November 14, 2018[90][62] | United Arab Emirates | |||
November 27, 2018[91][62] | Chile | |||
December 11, 2018[92] | France | |||
April 30, 2019[93][94] | Switzerland | |||
November 17, 2020[95][96][97][98] | Austria | |||
Bulgaria | ||||
Estonia | ||||
Greece | ||||
Hungary | ||||
Latvia | ||||
Lithuania | ||||
Netherlands | ||||
Portugal | ||||
Romania | ||||
December 7, 2021[99] | Israel | |||
Kazakhstan |
Those on light yellow background: originally released as Android Pay.
Supported networks
- Visa / Visa Debit / Visa electron
- Mastercard / Debit Mastercard
- American Express
- Discover
- Diners Club
- JCB
- Maestro
- PayPal in the US, Germany
- EFTPOS in Australia
- Interac in Canada
- Nanaco stored-value card in Japan[c]
- Edy stored-value card in Japan[c]
- Suica stored-value card in Japan[c]
- Waon stored-value card in Japan[c]
- iD in Japan[c]
- QUICPay in Japan[c]
- Unified Payments Interface in India[100]
- PayNow in Singapore[101]
Supported loyalty programs
These programs are conveyed through NFC through Google Pay's Smart Tap feature. Some of these can be added through the app, while others must be added through the respective retailer's app or website. Programs that support One Tap are conveyed at the same time as a payment card stored in Google Wallet. Conversely, Two Tap programs are redeemed in a sequential manner, where a loyalty pass is scanned first, and then payment can be presented.[102]
Country | Retailer | One Tap/Two Tap |
---|---|---|
Australia | Dan Murphy's My Dan's[103] | |
Woolworths' Everyday Rewards[104] | Two Tap | |
Ireland | Nando's Nando Card[105] | Two Tap |
Japan | d Point[106] | Two Tap |
Rakuten Point Card[107] | Two Tap | |
United Kingdom | Nando's Nando Card[108] | Two Tap |
Texaco's Star Rewards[109] | Two Tap | |
United States | Coca-Cola's Vending Pass[110] | One Tap |
Dave & Buster's Power Card[111] | One Tap | |
Jimmy John's Freaky Fast Rewards[112] | One Tap | |
Redbox's Redbox Perks[113] | Two Tap | |
Walgreens' myWalgreens[114] | Two Tap | |
Yogurtland's Real Rewards[115] | One Tap |
Usage within public transport systems
Due to the open nature of the Android platform, some transit cards are only available through other Android-based mobile wallets or via their own apps (e.g. Octopus card for Samsung Pay or TAP for Android). Transit cards that support direct provisioning can be issued within the Google Pay app itself, without needing to download a separate third party application.[116][117]
Country | Area | Skip device unlock | Direct provisioning | Fare Payment Method(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Australia | Queensland | Payment cards | ||
Sydney | Payment cards | |||
Victoria | Myki | |||
Brazil | Rio de Janeiro (only MetrôRio) | Payment cards | ||
São Paulo (only SPTrans) | Payment cards | |||
Canada | Toronto | Payment cards | ||
Vancouver | Payment cards | |||
Japan | Countrywide | Suica[c] | ||
Russia (suspended)[a] | Moscow | Troika, payment cards[118] | ||
Novosibirsk | Payment cards | |||
Saint Petersburg | Payment cards | |||
Singapore | Countrywide | Payment cards | ||
Slovakia | Nitra, Lipto, Michalovce, | Ubian | ||
Taiwan | Kaohsiung | Payment cards | ||
Taoyuan Airport MRT | Payment cards | |||
Ukraine | Kyiv | Payment cards | ||
United Kingdom | London | Payment cards | ||
Manchester | Payment cards | |||
Tyne and Wear | Pop | |||
West Midlands | Swift | |||
United States | Chicago | Ventra, payment cards | ||
Las Vegas | Contactless ticket | |||
Miami | Payment cards | |||
New York City | Payment cards | |||
Portland, Oregon | Hop Fastpass, payment cards | |||
San Francisco | Clipper | |||
Washington, D.C. | SmarTrip |
Supported car keys
These car models can be unlocked and started via NFC with the Pixel 6. Future car models that support operation via UWB will require an UWB compatible device, such as the Pixel 6 Pro.[120][121]
Supported campus identifications
See also
- PayPal
- Apple Pay
- Apple Wallet
- Microsoft Pay
- Samsung Pay
- Samsung Wallet
- Square Cash
- WeChat Pay
- Venmo
- UPI
References
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External links
Media related to Google Pay at Wikimedia Commons