The Feminism Portal
Feminism is a range of socio-political movements and ideologies that aim to define and establish the political, economic, personal, and social equality of the sexes. Feminism incorporates the position that society prioritizes the male point of view and that women are treated unjustly in these societies. Efforts to change this include fighting against gender stereotypes and establishing educational, professional, and interpersonal opportunities and outcomes for women that are equal to those for men.
Feminist movements have campaigned and continue to campaign for women's rights, including the right to vote, run for public office, work, earn equal pay, own property, receive education, enter contracts, have equal rights within marriage, and maternity leave. Feminists have also worked to ensure access to contraception, legal abortions, and social integration and to protect women and girls from rape, sexual harassment, and domestic violence. Changes in female dress standards and acceptable physical activities for females have often been part of feminist movements.
Some scholars consider feminist campaigns to be a main force behind major historical societal changes for women's rights, particularly in the West, where they are near-universally credited with achieving women's suffrage, gender-neutral language, reproductive rights for women (including access to contraceptives and abortion), and the right to enter into contracts and own property. Although feminist advocacy is, and has been, mainly focused on women's rights, some feminists argue for the inclusion of men's liberation within its aims, because they believe that men are also harmed by traditional gender roles. Feminist theory, which emerged from feminist movements, aims to understand the nature of gender inequality by examining women's social roles and lived experience; feminist theorists have developed theories in a variety of disciplines in order to respond to issues concerning gender.
Numerous feminist movements and ideologies have developed over the years and represent different viewpoints and aims. Traditionally, since the 19th century, first-wave liberal feminism that sought political and legal equality through reforms within a liberal democratic framework was contrasted with labour-based proletarian women's movements that over time developed into socialist and Marxist feminism based on class struggle theory. Since the 1960s, both of these traditions are also contrasted with radical feminism that arose from the radical wing of second-wave feminism and that calls for a radical reordering of society to eliminate male supremacy; together liberal, socialist and radical feminism are sometimes called the "Big Three" schools of feminist thought.
Since the late 20th century, many newer forms of feminisms have emerged. Some forms of feminism have been criticized for taking into account only white, middle class, college-educated, heterosexual, or cisgender perspectives. These criticisms have led to the creation of ethnically specific or multicultural forms of feminism, such as black feminism and intersectional feminism. (Full article...)
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Helen Keller (1880–1968) was a deafblind American author, political activist, and lecturer. The story of how Keller's teacher, Anne Sullivan, broke through the isolation imposed by a near complete lack of language, allowing the girl to blossom as she learned to communicate, has become widely known through the dramatic depictions of the play and film The Miracle Worker. A prolific author, Keller was well-traveled, and was outspoken in her opposition to war. A member of the Socialist Party of America and the Industrial Workers of the World, she campaigned for women's suffrage, workers' rights, and socialism, as well as many other leftist causes.
In this month
- July 1843 – First publication in The Dial of Margaret Fuller's essay The Great Lawsuit, one of the first American feminist works
- July 1923 – Foundation of the People's Party of Women in the Republic of Turkey by Nezihe Muhiddin
- 14 July 1858 – Birth of Emmeline Pankhurst, the driving force behind women's suffrage in the United Kingdom
- 15 July 1907 – Execution of Qiū Jǐn (秋瑾) (pictured), a Chinese anti-Qing Empire revolutionary, feminist and writer.
- 19 July 1848 – Seneca Falls Convention, the first women's rights convention in the United States, organized by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and others, where she presented her Declaration of Sentiments and advocated women's right to vote
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Did you know (auto-generated) -
- ... that attending the first Women in Print Conference inspired Carol Seajay to create Feminist Bookstore News?
- ... that Chava Shapiro published the first feminist manifesto in Hebrew, lamenting the absence of women's voices in the language's literature?
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- ... that the contributions of Mary Shelley (pictured) to Lives of the Most Eminent Literary and Scientific Men are considered early works of feminist historiography?
- ...that feminism in Poland is traditionally divided into seven historical periods, the first one dating to the beginning of the 19th century?
- ...that award-winning biographer Jenny Uglow described her dictionary of women's biographies as "a mad undertaking, born of a time when feminists wanted heroines and didn't have Google"?
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